Czech Lands

The employment of Austrian chemists in 1911 (including the Czech Lands). From Griinwald (1913), 135. 

CZECH LANDS Chemical Societies as Multifunctional Social Elements in the Czech Lands, 1866-1919 ... 

In order to understand the essence of the establishment and functioning of the Czech chemical societies in the given time period, it is important to characterize first of all the landscape of society, science and education in the nineteenth century in the Czech Lands. 

The author wishes to express her thanks to Dr Robert Rosner, Dr Anita Kildebaek Nielsen and Dr Jifi Jindra for their suggestions and advice, whieh helped in the preparation of this chapter. The role of the Czech National Revival in the scientific developments in the Czech Lands was described in detail in Janko and Strbanova (1988). The book refers to additional literature. 

See Janko and Strbaftova (1988), 74 121 and 215-246 more detailed discussion on ethnicity and ethnic identifications in the Czech Lands is presented in Kofalka (1996). 

Table 3.1 Universities in the Czech Lands with chemistry education before 1914 - a short historical overview.

Table 3.3 Other selected associations in the Czech Lands, where chemists were allied before 1914, and their journals.

Short-lived attempt to establish a German chemical society in the Czech Lands... 

For instance Pasteur was only elected by the SPCH and Marie Curie became honorary member as late as 1932, in spite of her eligibility due to her scientific accomplishments and close ties to the Czech Lands (the ore from which M. Curie isolated radium came from Jachymov - Joachimsthal -in Bohemia). Absence of M. Curie s name in the list of honorary members of the CSCH is also peculiar because she was elected honorary member of the Ceskd akademie ved a umeni (Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts) in 1908. 

It seems from the columns of the journal that the SPCH was somewhat more focused on domestic affairs than SCHC and its members participated less in international activities. Nevertheless in the era of SPCH the number of foreign honorary members increased by 8. These awards (compare Table 3.6) were apparently bestowed quire randomly, particularly to those chemists who had closer ties to prominent members of the society (Mendeleev, Radziszewski, Lambl, Maercker, Nolting) or whose specialty markedly influenced the fermentation industry in the Czech Lands (Pasteur, Lintner, Hansen)." ... 

In the Czech Lands there existed a variety of strong professional groups of chemists which founded their associations in the second half of the nineteenth century (see Table 3.3), serving the interests of more demarcated circles of... 

Novy, L. et al. (1961), Dejiny exaktnich ved v ceskych zemich do konce 19. stoleti [History of exact sciences in the Czech Lands until the end of the nineteenth century], Nakladatelstvi Ceskoslovenske akademie vM, Praha. 

Tables 15.1 and 15.2 summarize the foundation years of those national chemical societies that are dealt with in this book. The Chemical Society, the first national chemical society, was founded in 1841 in Great Britain, and remained the only one on the scene until the founding of Societe chimique de Paris in 1857. About ten years later almost simultaneously came into being the chemical societies in the Czech Lands, Germany, Russia and Austria. In the first three countries the societies evolved into stable platforms of the national chemical communities existing up to the present in spite of their various transformations in the early deeades. The Austrian chemists, however, had to wait until 1897 for an association covering their needs.

Czech Lands IsisjSpolek chemiku ceskychjSpolecnost pro prumysl chemicky v Krdlovstvi ceskemj Ceskd spolecnost chemickd pro vedu a prumysl... 

Acquisition of literature and maintenance of book collections or libraries represented important tasks for many of the societies amongst others in the Czech Lands, France, Great Britain, Hungary and Russia. The libraries often provided the members with very good access to the new literature published at home or abroad. Books were not only obtained through purchase but also as... 

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