Dynamic chemistry

Flase W L 1976 Modern Theoretical Chemistry, Dynamics of Molecular Collisions part B, ed W H Miller (New York Plenum) p 121 Gilbert R G and Smith S C 1990 Theory of Unimolecular and Recombination Reactions koadoa Blackwell Scientific)... 

Nye, Mary Jo. 1993. From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines 1800-1950. Berkeley University of California Press. 

From chemical philosophy to theoretical chemistry dynamics of matter and dynamics of disciplines, 18001950 / Mary Jo Nye. p. cm. 

Armbruster T. and Geiger C. A. (1993). Andradite crystal chemistry Dynamic X-site disorder and structural strain in silicate garnets. Eur. J. Min., 5 59-71. 

During the last two decades, chemists have become increasingly focused on how molecules interact, i.e. on supramolecular chemistry. Dynamic intermolecular processes provide opportunities for incorporation of control, adaptation and function in man-made materials, as observed in living systems. In biology, these processes are tightly controlled by the catalytic action of enzymes. In this chapter, we focus on enzymatically controlled supramolecular polymerisation, whereby self-recognising molecular building blocks assemble to form extended onedimensional (ID) structures, or supramolecular polymers, with unique adaptive features. 

W. L. Hase, in Modem Theoretical Chemistry, Dynamics of Molecular Collisions, Part B, W. H. Miller, Ed., Plenum, New York, 1976. 

Williamson seems to have been the first to use the chemical term "dynamics with respect to some processes in one of the currently most widespread meanings (non-steady-state processes). The title of Williamson s work, in 1851, was simply Some considerations on chemistry dynamics exemplified by the etherification theory. 

For general accounts see W. H. Brock, The Fontana History of Chemistry (London Fontana Press, 1992), 508-569, and references therein M.J. Nye, From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry. Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines (Berkeley University of California Press, 1993), 139-223 R. E. Kohler, The Lewis-Lang-muir theory of valence and the chemical... 

Keywords Adaptive chemistry Dynamic networks Dynamic polymers Molecular recognition Multiple dynamics Self-organization Supramolecular chemistry... 

Keywords Carbonic anhydrase Dynamic constitutional chemistry Dynamic interactive systems Hybrid materials... 

Keywords Adaptivity Asymmetric synthesis Biocatalysis Crystallization Dynamic chemistry Dynamic system Enzyme Resolution... 

Keywords Bilayers Biosensor Constitutional dynamic chemistry Dynamic interfaces Nanoparticles Quartz crystal microgravimetry Surface plasmon resonance... 

This dynamic process is commonly known as constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC). While the concept of dynamic covalent chemistry defines systems in which the molecular (or supramolecular) reorganization proceeds via reversible covalent bond formation/breakage, dynamic systems based on noncovalent linkage exchanges define the concept of dynamic noncovalent chemistry. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) can be defined as a direct application of CDC where libraries of complementary functional groups and/or complementary interactional groups interexchange via chemical (i.e., covalent) reactions or physical (i.e., noncovalent) interactions. 

Research on volcanic degassing is a rich and diverse field affording many opportunities for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary efforts at many scales. Broadly, the investigator of volcanic volatiles may follow the path from which the emissions came, to probe the chemistry, dynamics, and evolution of the source regions, storage zones, and volcanic plumbing systems or consider the interactions of the emissions with the atmosphere, environment, and climate. 

Specific interest in the periodic table and the elements has produced a number of recent books. One of the first serious examinations of the history of the elements was done by May Elvira Weeks. Discovery of the Elements (1968), an updated version with material from Henry M. Leicester, can still be found in libraries. Richard Morris s The Last Sorcerers The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table (2003) is an excellent book, while Paul Strathern s Mendeleyev s Dream (2000) is a nontechnical look at the hunt for order among the elements that reads almost like a novel. More technical material on matter theory can be found in Antio Clericuzio, Elements, Principles, and Corpuscles A Study of Atomism and Chemistry in the Seventeenth Century (2000) David M. Knight, Atoms and Elements. A Study of Theories of Matter in England in the Nineteenth Century (1967) and Mary Jo Nye, From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines 1800-1950 (1993). 

Since stars do actually form in such regions it may also be appropriate to include dynamics, particularly that of infall which is detected at velocities of about 0.1-0.2 km s in several well-studied objects. Lee, Bergin Evans combined chemistry, dynamics, and a calculation of molecular excitation to follow the evolution of molecular rotational line profiles. Their model used a sequence of BE spheres and the so-called inside-out collapse to follow the chemistry of a parcel of gas as it falls towards the centre of the source. The results show complex, time-dependent effects in which molecular abundances are affected by the competition between accretion and evaporation. The species which has the most effect on the chemistry... 

In chemistry, dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) is a method for modeling the dynamic behavior of molecules by comparing the rates ofindividual steps with random numbers. Unlike the Metropolis MC method, which has been employed to study the systems at equilibrium, the DMC method is used to investigate non-equilibrium systems such as a reaction, diffusion, and so-forth (Meng and Weinberg, 1996). This method is mainly applied to analyze the adsorbates behavior on the surfaces (Kissel-Osterrieder et al, 2000 Meng and Weinberg, 1996). 

A healthy counterpoint will be found in S. Mauskopf ed., Chemical Sciences in the Modem World (Philadelphia, 1993). The neglect is part of the historian s general neglect of chemistry when compared to other sciences, probably because the general philosophical implications of chemistry are less visible than, for example, is the case for physics. See, however, M.J. Nye, From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines 1800-1950 (Berkeley, 1993). 

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