Chemistry and properties

Chemistry and Properties. TSP is essentially impure monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, Ca(H2P0 2 20, made by acidulating phosphate rock with phosphoric acid according to... 

Fluorosulfuric acid is stable to heat up to decomposition at about 900°C (13), where vapor-phase dissociation into hydrogen fluoride and sulfur trioxide probably occurs. Reviews of the chemistry and properties of fluorosulfuric acid have been pubUshed (14—16). 

Petroleum sulfonates are widely used as solubilizers, dispersants (qv), emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors (see Corrosion and corrosion inhibitors). More recentiy, they have emerged as the principal surfactant associated with expanding operations in enhanced oil recovery (66). Alkaline-earth salts of petroleum sulfonates are used in large volumes as additives in lubricating fluids for sludge dispersion, detergency, corrosion inhibition, and micellar solubilization of water. The chemistry and properties of petroleum sulfonates have been described (67,68). Principal U.S. manufacturers include Exxon and Shell, which produce natural petroleum sulfonates, and Pilot, which produces synthetics. 

In 1846 the first boric acid esters were prepared by reacting aUphatic alcohols and boron trichloride (1). The chemistry and properties of boric acid esters from that first paper through 1961 have been extensively reviewed (2). Short reviews were pubUshed in 1964, 1978, and two in 1980 (3,4). 

Poly(dicyclopentadiene). The development of polydicyclopentadiene [25038-78-2] for reaction injection molding is an area which has generated much interest. The polyDCPD is obtained via metathesis polymerization of high purity (usually greater than 98%) DCPD. Excellent reviews (61—62) of the chemistry and properties of polyDCPD have been pubHshed. The patent Hterature of polyDCPD synthesis, catalysts, modifiers, and appHcations is dominated by Hercules (44 patents) and B. F. Goodrich (43 patents) in the U.S. Other participants are Orkem, SheU, Nippon Zeon, and Teijin. 

There are obvious benefits to be derived from consensus standards which define the chemistry and properties of specific materials. Such standards allow designers and users of materi s to work with confidence that the materials supplied will have the expected minimum properties. Designers and users can also be confident that comparable materials can be purchased from several suppliers. Producers are confident that materials produced to an accepted standard will find a ready market and therefore can be produced efficiently in large factories. 

In the next sections, the manufacture, chemistry and properties of the main ingredients of the rubber base adhesives will be considered. 

Hydrocarbon resins. There is not much literature concerning the manufacturing, chemistry and properties of hydrocarbon resins. One of the few contributions in this area is the recent book by Mildenberg et al. [25], p. 43. 

Several classes of large molecules containing indolocarbazoles as structural subunits are also worth some attenticm, although an exhaustive account of the chemistry and properties of these systems is beyond the scope of this review. The ring system of indolo[2,3-c]carbazole (5) is present in several dyes known since the 1940s, such as Indanthren Khaki GG (257) and Vat Brown 1 (258). In... 

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