Chemicals manufacturing sample

Di-/ -octylphthalatc was detected in 4% of the urban runoff samples collected from a total of 15 cities. Di-ra-octylphthalate was detected at three cities at concentrations of 0.4-1 pg/L (Cole et al. 1984). The compound was found in water samples collected at four locations along the entire length of the Mississippi River at concentrations of 24-310 ng/L (DeLeon et al. 1986). At the Butler Mine Tunnel NPL Site located in Pittston, Pennsylvania, di-n-octylphthalate was detected in on-site oil/groundwater samples at concentrations of 110-792,000 ppb (ATSDR 1989b). Di-n-octylphthalate was detected at a concentration of 1 ppb in a water sample collected from the discharge pond of a phthalate ester plant located on the Chester River in Maryland (Peterson and Freeman 1984). Di-n-octylphthalate was found at 0.001-0.02 ppm in water samples taken from a river that received industrial waste water from a specialty chemical manufacturing plant (Jungclaus et al. 1978). 

Automatization of all stages of the analytical process is a trend that can be discerned in the development of modern analytical methods for chemical manufacture, to various extents depending on reliability and cost-benefit considerations. Among the elements of reliability one counts conformity of the accuracy and precision of the method to the specifications of the manufacturing process, stability of the analytical system and closeness to real-time analysis. The latter is a requirement for feedback into automatic process-control systems. Since the investment in equipment for automatic online analysis may be high, this is frequently replaced by monitoring a property that is easy and inexpensive to measure and correlating that property with the analyte of interest. Such compromise is usually accompanied by a collection of samples that are sent to the analytical laboratory for determination, possibly at a lower cost. 

Donelly, K.C. Brown, K.W. Andersson, C.S. Thomas, J.C. Scott, B.R. Bacterial mutagenity and acute toxicity of solvent and aqueous extracts of soil samples from a chemical manufacturing site. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1991, 10, 1123-1131. 

Most of the population will not be exposed to 1,3-DNB or 1,3,5-TNB. If you live or work near an Army ammunition plant or other chemical manufacturer, you may be exposed to these compounds by contaminated drinking water, food, air, or soil. At this time, it is not known how much of these compounds you might consume or how much might be in the air. We also do not know how many workers are exposed to the compounds. Both 1,3-DNB and 1,3,5-TNB have been found in water and soil at some Army ammunition plants. Groundwater samples had levels of 1,3-DNB ranging from... 

Hazleton Labs. 1989c. Mutagenicity test on cresol program panel sample 2 meta-cresol in the mouse bone marrow cytogenetic assay. HLA study no. 10002-0- 451. Unpublished data submitted to Chemical Manufacturers Association,Washington, DC. 

The principal source of chlorobenzene in water is release from chemical manufacturing facilities. Dow Chemical Company estimated that 0.1% of its annual production enters waters (EPA 1980a). Perry et al. (1979) found chlorobenzene in 6/63 industrial effluent in concentrations up to 100 pg/L. Based on 1,338 samples collected from about 1980 to 1983, the medium concentration of chlorobenzene in waste effluent was < 3 ppb and was detected in 54 samples. The total amount released to the environment was not reported (Staples et al. 1985). Chlorobenzene has been detected in both surface and groundwater samples at hazardous waste sites. Data from the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statistical Database indicate that chlorobenzene occurred in surface water at 13 sites at a geometric mean concentration of 17 ppb in positive samples and in... 

Manufacturing samples, by their very nature are often large and bulky and the provision of adequate and safe storage space in a convenient location can present problems that are not associated with fine chemicals. 

High PCN levels have been reported in abiotic samples from contaminated areas [4, 234, 235], Remarkably high PCN concentrations (61000ngg 1 dry weight) have been reported in sediment samples from Trenton located on the Detroit River (Michigan, USA) where several chemical manufacturing plants are located [236]. 

Most MSDS forms are created by chemical manufacturers. They can be found in libraries, on manufacturer s websites, and by contacting manufacturers or suppliers directly. Websites are available that catalogue MSDS forms from multiple sources, for example, www.msdssearch.com. The Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety also maintains an extensive collection at www.ccinfoweb.ccohs.ca. For legal reasons (limitation of liability), most MSDS forms contain a disclaimer stating that users should also make their own evaluation of compatibility and fitness for use. A sample MSDS form is given in Appendix I. 

Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and poly-chlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) are mostly produced by incineration, although they are also a waste product of the pulp/paper and chemical manufacturing industries (Duarte-Davidson et al. 1997).There are potentially 75 PCDD and 135 PCDF congeners (see Fig. 7.17), but PCDDs from most biological samples contain only the tetra- to octachloro congeners with 2,3,7,8 chlorination the absence of the other congeners has been attributed to rapid metabolism and excretion (Ahlborg... 

In a study of 63 industrial effluents collected from a wide range of chemical manufacturers from across the United States, carbon disulfide was found in six of the effluents at concentrations less than 10 pg/L and in two of the effluents at 10-100 pg/L (EPA 1979). Analysis of influent and effluent samples from a waste water treatment plant in Tokyo showed carbon disulfide to be the least prevalent among five sulfur-containing odorous compounds for which testing was done (Hwang et al. 1995). 

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