Chemical Warfare Service appropriations

In September 1917, a Gas Defense Service, Sanitary Corps, Medical Department, was activated. This service, in which a group of forty-five chemists was commissioned, was placed in charge of training. In April 1918 the officers of the Gas Defense Service were transferred to the Corps of Engineers. See Report of the Director of Chemical Warfare Service, 1919, pp. 43-49. Hereafter cited as Rpt of CWS, with appropriate year. 

Within the confines of limited appropriations and personnel, the Chemical Warfare Service carried out its restricted peacetime mission. Ad ... 

Passage of the Lend-Lease Act of ii March 1941 gave further impetus to the CWS procurement and supply program. Lend-lease appropriations enabled the CWS to undertake procurement activities on a larger scale. Between April and December 1941, the Chemical Warfare Service procured raw chemicals, gas masks, and other items for supply to Great Britain. Many of the items were manufactured at Edgewood, but a number were also secured through special contracts in the procurement districts. 

Report of the Chemical Warfere Service, 1918, pp. 4-5. The annual reports of the CWS were also published as Report of the Direaor of the Chemical Warfare Service, Annual Report of the Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service, and Annual Report of the Chemical Warfare Service, all hereafter cited as Rpt of CWS, with appropriate year. (2) The Chemical Service Section is discussed at greater length in Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher, The Chemical Warfare Service Organizing for War, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1959), ch. I. 

The preparation of plans for securing manufacturing plants in industry, which G-4 listed as one of the chief objectives of the CWS under the Munitions Program, was accomplished in 1940 and 1941. Under the Second Supplemental to the 1941 Appropriations Act, approved on 9 September 1940, funds were allotted to the CWS to erect plants for private industry in order to expedite production. The procedure was for the government to build the plants which would be operated under contract with private industry. Both the Ordnance Department and the Chemical Warfare Service followed the practice extensively. The CWS built charcoal and whetlerite plants and plants for the manufacture of impregnite (CC-2) under this program. ... 

M. Meselson and J. Perry Robinson, Chemical Warfare and Chemical Disarmament , Scientific American, vol. 242, no. 4 (1980) p. 35 M. Meselson, statement included in Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services United States Senate, Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1983, 97th Congress, second session (22 March 1982) p. 5062. 

Maj. J. F. Brosnan, A Case for Marine Corps Chemical Warfare Readiness , United States Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 105, no. 11 (November 1979) p. 108. H. Brown, Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services United States SemLte,Departmentof Defense Authorization for Appropriations. Fiscal Year 1980,96th Congress, first session (25 January 1979) p, 97. 

REFERENCES.-Appropriate portions of subjects contained in the references listed below should be studied by each unit gas officer in order that he may have a thorough understanding of the whole subject of chemical warfare as pertains to his arm or service. The application of certain portions of these publications to all types of training should not be overlooked. 

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