Chemical Warfare Service organization

Brophy LP, Fisher GJB. The Chemical Warfare Service Organizing for War. Washington, DC Office of the Chief of Military History 1959 3-18, 25-27, 424-471. 

Brophy, L. P. and Fisher, G. J. B. The Chemical Warfare Service Organizing for War. United States Army in World War II The Technical Services (Washington DC USGPO, 1959). 

Report of the Chemical Warfere Service, 1918, pp. 4-5. The annual reports of the CWS were also published as Report of the Direaor of the Chemical Warfare Service, Annual Report of the Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service, and Annual Report of the Chemical Warfare Service, all hereafter cited as Rpt of CWS, with appropriate year. (2) The Chemical Service Section is discussed at greater length in Leo P. Brophy and George J. B. Fisher, The Chemical Warfare Service Organizing for War, UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II (Washington, 1959), ch. I. 

Dr. Leo P. Brophy holds an A.B. degree from Franklin and Marshall College and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in history from Fordham University. After teaching history and sociology at Fordham and Seton Hall Universities, he joined the staff of the Chemical Corps Historical Office in 1945. He has specialized in administrative and logistic history. Since 1953 Dr. Brophy has served as Chief of the Chemical Corps Historical Office. He is coauthor of The Chemical Warfare Service Organizing for War. 

Project-research, a method of organizing research by stipulation of projects and allocation of these to individuals or teams of scientists in separate laboratories, was developed in the United States during World War I in research on chemical warfare. This research was initially conducted largely by academic chemists as volunteers and later by them in the Research Division of the Chemical Warfare Service of the U. S. Army. Many of the leading American chemists in the 1920s shared the common experience of research on chemical warfare. The model of project-research was tried by the leaders of the division of chemistry and chemical technology of the National Research Council in order to allocate specific research problems and foster cooperative research after the war. 

Lewis, Winford Lee. "Summary of Work Done in Organic Unit No. 3, Offense Research Section, CWS", Historical Report No. H-209, Chemical Warfare Service, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Library. 

Conant, James B. "Progress Report, Organic Section, Feb. 18, 1918" enclosed in a letter from G. Burrell to W. McPherson, Feb. 26, 1918, Records of the Chemical Warfare Service, Record Group 175, National Archives. 

This led to cooperation between the Army Chemical Warfare Service and Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute to concentrate on the organization of industrial techniques... 

Arsine Derivatives,Organic. Many arsine derivs were proposed as CWA s. More than 60 of such derivs are listed by Wachtel (Ref, pp 189-92). The most known of these compds is Lewisite or MI, which is f -cbloro-vinyldichloroarsine, C1-CH CH- AsC12, first isolated in 1917 by Dr W. Lee Lewis and developed as a war gas by the US Chemical Warfare Service (Ref, pp 202-6). Another important arsine CWA is Adamsite (Brit) (designated in the US as DM) or diphenylamine-chloroarsine ... 

Waitt AH. Chemical Warfare Organization and Policy in the Post-War Army. Washington, DC Chemical Warfare Service. 9 May 46. Memorandum. 

The Gas Service was enlarged to meet the demands of its many responsibilities whenever men and equipment became available. For example, a completely staffed and equipped laboratory arrived in France early in 1918 and an officers training camp was organized in France later in the year. The provision of a laboratory had been one of the projects of the Office of Gas Service since the time of its organization in the United States in October 1917. The increasing demands on the service resulted in the reorganization of Fries s immediate office in March 1918 to combine offense and defense into a Military Division and to establish a Technical and a Production and Supply Division. In May the Military Division was again separated into Offense and Defense Divisions. Finally, in June, the Gas Service in the United States was converted into the Chemical Warfare Service, National Army. The Gas Service, AEF, became the CWS AEF, officially the... 

Chart 4—Organization of Chemical Warfare Service Section, Headquarters. European Theater of Operations... 

Organizing the Chemical Warfare Service, Hawaiian Department The Emergency... 

Despite a measure of War Department standardization during World War II, little consistency was found in the zone of interior or theater of operations records relating to the Chemical Warfare Service in World War II. Sources of great importance for one overseas area would prove useless or nonexistent for another. Consequently, while administration and organization records proved most fruitful, portions of this work depend heavily on historical reports, monographs, studies, secondary works, and interviews. 

This is the third and final volume of the Chemical Warfare Service subseries of The Technical Services in the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II. Concluding the chemical warfare story that was begun in Organizing for War and was continued in From Laboratory to Field, Chemicds in Combat records in meaningful detail the ultimate and most rigorous test of all things military performance in battle. 

Memo, Lt Col John McA. Palmer, C Opns Sec, Hq AEF, for CofS AEF, 30 July 17, sub Gas and Flame Serv, Offensive and Defensive. Copy of this memo appears as Appendix II in History of Chemical Warfare Service, American Expeditionary Forces, a seventy-one-page detailed account of organization and administration, together with sixty-live supporting appendixes, which is apparently the official history written shortly after World War I. H-12 and H-13. This is hereafter cited as History of CWS, AEF. 

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