Microreactor chemical synthesis

A., Overbeck, S., Implications of microreactors on chemical synthesis, in Proceedings of the VDE World Microtechnologies Congress, MICRO.tec 2000, pp. 489 91 (25-27 September 2000), VDE Verlag, Berlin, EXPO Hannover. 

DeWitt SH (1999) Microreactors for Chemical Synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 3 350-356... 

There are many reasons why chemical synthesis is advantageously performed in flow mode using a micro-contactor (or microreactor) rather than in a round-bottomed flask, well or vessel. In fact, if it was not for a long history of batch mode chemistry and the convenience of a handsized flask, the case would need to be made for employing batch methods. 

Integrating chemical analysis methods and physical sensors with microreactors enables monitoring of reaction conditions and composition. This ability renders instrumented microreactors powerful tools for determining chemical kinetics and identifying optimal conditions for chemical reactions. The latter can be achieved by automated feedback-controlled optimization of reaction conditions, which greatly reduces time and materials costs associated with the development of chemical synthesis procedures. 

Schirrmeister, S., Markowz, G., Bulk chemicals in microreactors development and scale-up of a new synthesis route into the pilot plant scale, in Proceedings of the 27th International Exhibition-Congress on Chemical Engineering, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, ACHEMA... 

Microreactors for Chemical Synthesis and Biotechnology - Current Developments and Future Applications... 

Edelmann FT (1996) Rare Earth Complexes with Heteroallylic Ligands. 179 113 -148 Edelmann FT (1996) Lanthanide Metallocenes in Homogeneous Catalysis. 179 247-276 Effenhauser CS (1998) Integrated Chip-Based Microcolumn Separation Systems. 194 51 - 82 Ehrfeld W, Hessel V, Lehr H (1998) Microreactors for Chemical Synthesis and Biotechnology -Current Developments and Future Applications. 194 233 - 252 Ekhart CW, see de Raadt A (1997) 187 157-186... 

In this chapter the focus will be on the application of electrical fields in microreactors, and the potential of such systems for chemical synthesis will be outlined. The end of the chapter will give an overview of less-studied concepts, like electronic control of surface chemistry, and will discuss the opportunities offered by nanotechnology for achieving such control. 

Novel applications have been developed from the combination of microreactor technology and nonequilibrium microplasma chemistry. Here we discuss a selection from the recent literature on this topic to illustrate several main trends. We will focus on microplasmas in confined microchannels for the purpose of chemical synthesis and environmental applications. 

These results suggest that the use of nanofiber electrodes in a microreactor environment to generate solvated electrons for chemical synthesis, may offer an interesting new route for reduction reactions. We are currently working on this concept in our laboratory (Agiral et al., 2010). 

Microreactors offer a radical alternative platform for chemical synthesis, normally undertaken in macroscale flasks [68-70]. When reactions in microcapillary-scale reactors are compared with those in flask-scale batch reactors, they have been shown to offer yield, rate or selectivity advantages in a diversity of reactions schemes including carbonylative cross-coupling of arylhalides to secondary amides [32],... 

In the first two chapters, the fabrication of microreactors useful for chemical synthesis is described and opportunities as well as problems arising from the manufacture process for chemical synthesis are highlighted. Chapter 1 deals with the fabrication of metal- and ceramic-based microdevices, and Brandner describes different techniques for their fabrication. In Chapter 2, Frank highlights the... 

Many strategies have been and are still being developed to access oligosaccharides by chemical synthesis. This chapter focuses on recent developments in the automated solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides and emphasizes the recent advances of novel microreactor techniques for carbohydrate synthesis. 

Chemical synthesis in microreactors can be conducted in both continuous-flow and batch modes, with the first being typically utilized for synthesis of one product and the second for parallel processing. Some illustrative examples are given in Refs. 57-59. 

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