Chemical reactions online monitoring

In order to ensure an adequate quality of products and a safe operation, the monitoring of a batch reactor should include, at least, online measurements of temperature, pressure, and of some composition-related variables. In this context, online measurements may be defined as measurements obtained via instruments strictly connected to the reactor and characterize by response times markedly smaller than the characteristic times of the chemical reaction. In general, this is the case of temperature and pressure, which can be easily measured online by means of reliable, relatively cheap, and poorly intrusive sensors. This allows the introduction of sensor redundancy, a common practice to increase reliability. On the other hand, online... 

Hsieh, C.-H., Chao, C.-S., Mong, K.-K.T., Chen, Y.-C. (2012) Online Monitoring of Chemical Reactions by Contactless Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 47 586-590. 

Online Monitoring of Chemical Reactions (Poiymerization, Curing), Physical Processes (e.g., Aging), and Structure Formation... 

FIGURE 12.7 Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization Reactions detectors response (LS90 ° and viscosity) to the different components of the diluted, phase inverted polyacrylamide emulsion (top) determination of dissolution time, from RI data for polyacrylamide in emulsion and in dry form. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Alb AM, Farinato F, Calbick J, Reed WF. Online monitoring of polymerization reactions in inverse emulsions. Langmuir 2006 22 831-840. 2006 American Chemical Society. 

FIGURE 12.13 M versus conversion, /from ACOMP for several BA polymerization reactions by RAFT ( 1 ) and a free radical polymerization reaction ( 5). For high [DoPAT]/[AIBN] ( 1-3), the reactions exhibit typical CRP behavior with nearly linear increase of mass versus /. The downward curvature in reaction 4 indicates significant deviations from the ideal living mechanism. Reaction 5 shows classical uncontrolled radical polymerization behavior of with conversion. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Alb AM, Serelis AK, Reed WF. Kinetic trends in RAFT homopolymerization from online monitoring. Macromolecules 2008 41 332-338. 2008 American Chemical Society. 

Lindinger, W. Jordan, A. Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) Online Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds at Pptv Levels. Chemical Society Reviews 1998, 27, 347-354. 

Analytical interfaces are integrated into the AuMpRes set-up for at-line analysis by sampling and subsequent chromatography (HPLC) [108], Moreover, this allows online analysis by infrared or Raman spectroscopy. Real-time monitoring of the chemical processes can be achieved via spectroscopic measurements, for which suitable optical flow-through cells have to be installed at selected positions of the micro reaction system. 

The International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry is the official publication of ISIMS and publishes fully peer-reviewed research and application-oriented papers, critical reviews, technical notes, and topical issues. The journal is abstracted or indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), Compendex, Google Scholar, Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), SCOPUS, and Summon by Serial Solutions. Articles can include presentations in all aspects of the mobility, reaction chemistry, and behavior of ions in a supporting gaseous atmosphere and in an electrical field. Also included are biomolecular studies, mobility at comparatively low pressure, instrumentation for field and process monitoring, and measurements of samples for... 

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