Chemical reactions named

The product of chemical reactions, namely precipitations (their appearance, color, and crystal shape), colors in solution, gases (their appearance, bubbles, and color), and sublimates... 

As it was mentioned in Section 2.1.1, the concentration oscillations could be simulated quite well by a set of even two ordinary differential equations of the first order but paying the price of giving up the rigid condition imposed on interpretation of mechanisms of chemical reactions namely that they are based on mono- and bimolecular stages only (remember the Hanusse theorem [19]) An example of what Smoes [7] called the heuristic-topological model is the well-known Brusselator [2], Its scheme was discussed in Section 2.1.1 see equations (2.1.33) to (2.1.35). 

When UV/ozone was applied to the destruction of protocatechuic acid, the remaining concentration of protocatechuic acid decreases with increasing 03 and protocatechuic acid concentrations (Benitez et al., 1996). The total ozone absorbed in the liquid phase was considered to react with the solute present in the solution by two parallel chemical reactions — namely, direct reaction between ozone alone and the solute (B) ... 

For example, when the redox system is perturbed by a following chemical reaction, namely, an EC mechanism... 

Pyzhov Equation. Temkin is also known for the theory of complex steady-state reactions. His model of the surface electronic gas related to the nature of adlay-ers presents one of the earliest attempts to go from physical chemistry to chemical physics. A number of these findings were introduced to electrochemistry, often in close cooperation with -> Frumkin. In particular, Temkin clarified a problem of the -> activation energy of the electrode process, and introduced the notions of ideal and real activation energies. His studies of gas ionization reactions on partly submerged electrodes are important for the theory of -> fuel cell processes. Temkin is also known for his activities in chemical -> thermodynamics. He proposed the technique to calculate the -> activities of the perfect solution components and worked out the approach to computing the -> equilibrium constants of chemical reactions (named Temkin-Swartsman method). 

In order to accomplish what I above alluded to as a desideratum for the explanation of chemical reactions, namely effecting between the formulae of the reagents the interchange supposed to take place in the mixture, I have fixed the symbols of those atoms which have to change places upon the extremities of a piece of card, so fixed by a pivot to the board that by turning round 180 it reverses the positions of the exchanging atoms. 

The rules for quasi-chemical reactions are the same as for the normal chemical reactions, namely mass balance and electroneutrahty conditions one extra requirement appears, however, for crystalline solids where the ratio of sites in the crystal structure should be constant and should satisfy to stoichiometric formula. This means that if, for instance, in the AB2 crystal one site for A atom is formed, then automatically two B-sites appear as well, regardless of their occupancy. It should be noted that the point defects and/or the processes of their formation can also classified into two groups, namely stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric. The first type of process does not disturb the stoichiometric ratio of components constituting the crystal, which is a closed thermodynamic system the second type leads to nonstoichiometric compounds by exchanging components between the... 

Let us now consider another well-known photo-catalytic chemical reaction, namely, the formation and decomposition of phosgene—... 

For a fully reversible isotherm the mass action quotient (Km ) can be used to define the process, as with any reversible chemical reaction, namely ... 

The equilibrium between dispersed phase (i.e., micelles) and molecular solution of a surfactant (or the macroscopic phase, in case of saturation) exists in thermodynamically stable systems containing micelle-forming surfactants. One can, to a certain degree of approximation, describe the equilibrium between micelles consisting of m surfactant molecules and molecularly dissolved surfactant as a chemical reaction, namely [15,16]... 

Rather than survey all of the possible modifications that can be made to an alumina surface, we will focus on a subset involved in two different types of surface-catalyzed chemical reactions, namely, the partial oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide (EO) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) processes. Both of these catalytic systems have functional points in common, in that alumina serves as a support (a-alumina for the EO process and 7-alumina for the HDS process) and alkali-metal salts serve as promoters for both reactions. To illustrate this commonality, this section will be divided into three parts (1) the adsorption of alkali-metal salts to 7-alumina, as reflected in the Rb and Cs solid-state NMR spectroscopy of these systems (2) the absorption of ethylene to silver supported on aluminas in the presence and absence of cesium salts, as followed by C NMR spectroscopy, and (3) the solid-state Mo NMR of fresh and reduced/ sulfided molybdena-alumina catalysts. 

The laws of atomic heats and of isomorphism demonstrated that apparently unexciting empirical correlations of physical properties could have dramatic inferential applications to the microworld. Berzelius and others regularly used such tools in the construction of chemical atomism. And in fact, if one is interested in inference to the microworld, the study of physical properties has one important epistemological advantage over the study of chemical reactions. Namely, these properties reflect a stable substance being observed statically, rather than a substance in a dynamic state, undergoing a chemical transformation into another substance. 

A mixture of propene and propane was used to study the enhancement of absorption and diffusion by chemical reaction, namely dimerization of the reactive propene to hexenes according to Scheme 21.1 [86]. 

Since the electron transfer can be treated as a first-order chemical reaction, namely... 

Knowledge of the frequencies of normal vibrations permits a stricter evaluation of the relative energies of various structures which arise in the course of a chemical reaction, namely, it allows the energy contributions of their zero vibrations E(l/2/iVf) (see Fig. 1.3) to be taken into account, which should then be included in the total energy of every such structure. 

Equation (41) is subjected to the following boundary conditions given by Eqs. (43) and (44), where is the radius of the secondary particle, fej is the mass-transfer coefficient in the external film surrounding the secondary particle, and Mj, is the monomer concentration in the bulk phase. Equations (43) and (44) are the classic boundary conditions for heterogeneously catalyzed chemical reactions, namely symmetry at the center of the particle and stationary convective mass transfer through the mass-transfer boundary layer surrounding the particle, respectively. Finally, the initial condition is given by Eq. (45). 

When writing chemical reactions, name all ambiguous chemicals in the reactions. For exanple,... 

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