Chemical process industries storage vessels

Tanks are used in innumerable ways in the chemical process industry, not only to store every conceivable liquid, vapor, or solid, but also in a number of processing applications. For example, as well as reactors, tanks have served as the vessels for various unit operations such as settling, mixing, crystallization (qv), phase separation, and heat exchange. Herein the main focus is on the use of tanks as liquid storage vessels. The principles outlined, however, can generally be applied to tanks in other applications as well as to other pressure-containing equipment. 

Subpart G - Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater - Applicability 40 CFR 63.110 EPA 1994e... 

Vessels used for processing in the chemical process industries (CPI) are principally of two kinds those that are without internals and those with internals. Empty separators are drums that provide intermediate storage or surge of a process stream for a limited or extended period. Alternatively, they provide phase separation by settling. 

Cylindrical vessels and horizontal tanks are used for the storage of fluids in the chemical process industries. Various level instruments are employed to determine the liquid level in process vessels. The exact liquid volume can be obtained either by calibration of the vessels or by tedious calculations. Partial volumes for horizontal, cylinders with flat, dished, elliptical, and hemispherical ends, and for vertical cylinders are employed for storing process fluids. 

Though for a number of years the application of rubber lining was limited to small fabricated tanks, vessels and pipes (which could be dealt with in a factory setting) the necessity arose to rubber line large storage tanks, ducts and vessels at clients sites and other outdoor installations due to the rapid growth, upgrading and modernisation of the chemical process industries. 

Neoprene solvent solutions are prepared by dissolving neoprene in standard rubber solvents. These solutions can be formulated in a range of viscosities suitable for application by brush, spray, or roller. Major areas of application include coatings for storage tanks, industrial equipment, and chemical processing eqmpment. These coatings protect the vessels from corrosion by acids, oils, alkalies, and most hydrocarbons. 

The term explosion in a storage and handling sense usually implies the rupture of a vessel. Fauske [191] reviewed the hazards in the chemical industry in connection with storage and processing of chemicals. The major hazards discussed are a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) for high-... 

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