Chemical equilibrium equilibrium constants

Use the following terms to create a concept map chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, solubility product constant, reversible reactions, and Le Chdtelier s principle. 

Another important area of analytical chemistry, which receives some attention in this text, is the development of new methods for characterizing physical and chemical properties. Determinations of chemical structure, equilibrium constants, particle size, and surface structure are examples of a characterization analysis. 

Quantity K is the chemical reaction equilibrium constant for reactionyj and AG° is the corresponding standard Gibbs energy change of reaction (eq. 237). Although called a constant, fC is a function of T, but only of T. 

The following equation is used to calculate tlie chemical reaction equilibrium constant K at a temperature T. 

The distribution of metals between dissolved and particulate phases in aquatic systems is governed by a competition between precipitation and adsorption (and transport as particles) versus dissolution and formation of soluble complexes (and transport in the solution phase). A great deal is known about the thermodynamics of these reactions, and in many cases it is possible to explain or predict semi-quantita-tively the equilibrium speciation of a metal in an environmental system. Predictions of complete speciation of the metal are often limited by inadequate information on chemical composition, equilibrium constants, and reaction rates. 

Quantitative structure-chemical reactivity relationships (QSRR). Chemical reactivities involve the formation and/or cleavage of chemical bonds. Equilibrium constants, rate constants and oxidation-reduction potentials are typical examples of quantitative measures... 

To calculate the multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium, equilibrium constants for chemical reactions 1-9 are taken from literature in comparison to the original publication, in the present work different numerical values for the second dissociations of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide were chosen (cf. Appendix III). Henry s constants are evaluated from single solute solubility data without neglecting Poynting corrections ... 

Solubility equihbrium is the final state to be reached by a chemical and the subsurface aqueous phase under specific environmental conditions. Equihbrium provides a valuable reference point for characterizing chemical reactions. Equilibrium constants can be expressed on a concentration basis (/ ), on an activity basis (K ), or as mixed constants (K" ) in which all parameters are given in terms of concentration, except for H, OH", and e" (electron) which are given as activities. 

See Activity Coefficients Additivity Principle Biochemical Thermodynamics Chemical Potential Equilibrium Constants Hess s Law Innate Thermodynamic Quantities Molecular Crowding Thermodynamics, Laws of Thermodynamic Cycle Thermodynamic Equations of State... 

ACTIVITY COEEEICIENTS ADDITIVITY PRINCIPLE BIOCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS CHEMICAL POTENTIAL EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS HESS S LAW... 

At chemical equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure the Gibbs fiee ener of the system is a niinimum and AG = 0. Therefore, we have... 

In terms of the chemical potential, the condition for chemical equilibrium at constant temp and pressure is ... 

Carnot s equations, 146-147 Carnot s theorem, 142-143 Chemical potential, 298, 302, 303 as equilibrium criterion, 298-299, 503 for ideal gas, 302 for ideal solution, 303 Chemical reaction equilibrium constant for, 504-516 equilibrium conversion of, 518-528, 533-542 heat effects of, 116-133 reaction coordinate for, 497-501 reversible, 41-42, 505-507 standard property changes for, 125, 505 stoichiometry, 497-501... 

The standard free energy of reaction AG° may be calculated from standard free energy of formation data in a manner similar to that for the standard enthalpy of reaction. The following equation is used to calculate the chemical reaction equilibrium constant AT at a temperature F ... 

Refer to Problem THR. 10. The chemical reaction equilibrium constant based on partial pressures (Kp) was obtained as a function of temperature for the reaction... 

Once the chemical reaction equilibrium constant (for a particular reaction) has been determined, one can proceed to estimate the quantities of the participating species at equilibrium. The problem that remains is to relate K to understandable physical quantities. For gas-phase reactions, as in an incinerator operation, the term K may be approximately represented in terms of the partial pressures of the components involved. This functional relationship for the hypothetical reaction... 

According to chemical laws, equilibrium constants have to be written in terms of activities rather than concentrations. Activity is the effective concentration, by definition. 

SIT ion interaction coefficient between substance B and substance 62 stoichiometric coefficient of substance B (negative for reactants, positive for products) stoichiometric coefficient general equation for a chemical reaction equilibrium constant... 

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