Chemical reaction equilibrium constants

Quantity K is the chemical reaction equilibrium constant for reactionyj and AG° is the corresponding standard Gibbs energy change of reaction (eq. 237). Although called a constant, fC is a function of T, but only of T. [Pg.501]

The following equation is used to calculate tlie chemical reaction equilibrium constant K at a temperature T. [Pg.123]

Solubility equihbrium is the final state to be reached by a chemical and the subsurface aqueous phase under specific environmental conditions. Equihbrium provides a valuable reference point for characterizing chemical reactions. Equilibrium constants can be expressed on a concentration basis (/ ), on an activity basis (K ), or as mixed constants (K" ) in which all parameters are given in terms of concentration, except for H, OH", and e" (electron) which are given as activities. [Pg.128]

Carnot s equations, 146-147 Carnot s theorem, 142-143 Chemical potential, 298, 302, 303 as equilibrium criterion, 298-299, 503 for ideal gas, 302 for ideal solution, 303 Chemical reaction equilibrium constant for, 504-516 equilibrium conversion of, 518-528, 533-542 heat effects of, 116-133 reaction coordinate for, 497-501 reversible, 41-42, 505-507 standard property changes for, 125, 505 stoichiometry, 497-501... [Pg.575]

The standard free energy of reaction AG° may be calculated from standard free energy of formation data in a manner similar to that for the standard enthalpy of reaction. The following equation is used to calculate the chemical reaction equilibrium constant AT at a temperature F ... [Pg.160]

Refer to Problem THR. 10. The chemical reaction equilibrium constant based on partial pressures (Kp) was obtained as a function of temperature for the reaction... [Pg.163]

Once the chemical reaction equilibrium constant (for a particular reaction) has been determined, one can proceed to estimate the quantities of the participating species at equilibrium. The problem that remains is to relate K to understandable physical quantities. For gas-phase reactions, as in an incinerator operation, the term K may be approximately represented in terms of the partial pressures of the components involved. This functional relationship for the hypothetical reaction... [Pg.163]

SIT ion interaction coefficient between substance B and substance 62 stoichiometric coefficient of substance B (negative for reactants, positive for products) stoichiometric coefficient general equation for a chemical reaction equilibrium constant... [Pg.10]

The relatively large valons found for the extraction equilibrium constant of copper with Kelex 100 (3 and 90) indicate (hat shipping of copper from (his rcngenl should he difficult. It is fonnd, however, that copper does strip reedily into sulfuric acid solutions because Kalex 100 reacts with sulhiric acid in preference to copper. Fitting the extinction of sulforic acid by Kelex 100 by a chemical-reaction equilibrium constant. [Pg.483]

Amine-extraction equilibria can also be modeled by chemical-reaction equilibrium constants. Figure 8.3-3 indicates that cations such as iron(IIl), zinc, cobelt(ll) and coppeifU) exhibit high distribution coefficients with chloride solutions, wherese nickel. iron(II), and manganese are not extracted to any great extent. The besis for the differences in distribution coefficients lies mainly in the tendency for the former group of cations to fonn chloride complexes. Stability constants for these complexes are available in the literature,11 and they can be used to develop quantitative phase-equilibrium models. [Pg.485]

When striving for high reactor conversions, it may be necessary to consider the reverse reaction even when the reaction is considered to be irreversible. This is the case for the hydrodealkylation of toluene. A rate equation for the reverse reaction can be derived from the rate equation for the forward reaction, given by Eq. (8.2), by assuming that the two rate equations are consistent with the chemical-reaction equilibrium constant. Assume that the gas reacting mixture is ideal at the high temperature of the reaction. Then, the chemical equilibrium constant can be expressed in terms of concentrations and equated to the ratio of the rate constants by ... [Pg.1054]

From thermodynamics, AG° is related to the chemical-reaction equilibrium constant by the equation ... [Pg.1055]

As shown in Section 8.3, this reaction, while not completely irreversible at typical reactor operating conditions, has a chemical-reaction equilibrium constant high enough to give conversions greater than 99%. When the main reaction is carried out thermally, in the absence of a catalyst, it is accompanied by the following side reaction that produces the byproduct, biphenyl ... [Pg.1057]

The chemical-reaction equilibrium constant for this reaction is written as ... [Pg.1057]

The Equilibrium (Mass Action) Expression Gas Phase Equilibria Kp vs. Kp Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Equilibria Numerical Importance of the Equilibrium Expression Mathematical Manipulation of Equilibrium Constants Reversing the Chemical Equation Adjusting the Stoichiometry of the Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Constants for a Series of Reactions Units and the Equilibrium Constant... [Pg.476]

Fig. 40. Calculated frequency dependence of fundamental harmonic peak current ratio ip.kinAp.d with preceding reversible chemical reaction. Equilibrium constant K = 0.1, drop-time Tj = 6 s, Tp d calculated according to equation...

Chemical reactions for defects can be formulated and treated using the mass-action law. As for other chemical reactions, equilibrium constants can be defined in terms of the activities of the defects and other species. Under the normal constrictions we can approximate activities with concentrations of defects and partial pressures of gases. The equilibrium constants can also be expressed in... [Pg.77]

Chemical reaction equilibrium constant based on partial pressures Kp (1 atm, 1950°F) = 0.112 atm ... [Pg.66]

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