Enhanced oil recovery chemical

Micellar/polymer (MP) chemical enhanced oil recovery systems have demonstrated the greatest potential of all of the recovery systems under study (170) and equivalent oil recovery for mahogany and first-intent petroleum sulfonates has been shown (171). Many somewhat different sulfonate, ie, slug, formulations, slug sizes (pore volumes), and recovery design systems were employed. Most of these field tests were deemed technically successful, but uneconomical based on prevailing oil market prices (172,173). 

Xanthan exhibits an interaction with anionic surfactants (petroleum sulfate), which is a beneficial synergistic effect for mobility control in chemical-enhanced oil-recovery processes [1115]. 

A chemical-enhanced oil-recovery technology can be used to remove oily contaminants from soil. Laboratory studies demonstrated that a variety of alkaline-surfactant combinations can be used with a polymer to reduce the residual oil saturation in waterflooding [1435]. 

M. J. Pitts, K. Wyatt, T. C. Sale, and K. R. Piontek. Utilization of chemical-enhanced oil recovery technology to remove hazardous oily waste from alluvium. In Proceedings Volume, pages 33-44. SPE Oilfield Chem Int Symp (New Orleans, LA, 3/2-3/5), 1993. 

Micellar flooding, 13 628 Micellar-polymer (MP) chemical enhanced oil recovery systems, 23 531 Micellar-polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR), 16 429... 

Reservoir Description Key to Success in Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery... 

Reservoir definition impacts on chemical enhanced oil recovery processes more than any other type of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). This is because these processes are exceptionally prone to deterioration through mixing and through bypassing. Both mixing and bypassing relate directly to the spatial distribution of permeabilities which is the major topic of this paper. 

Chemical enhanced oil recovery processes are now in a period of retrenchment caused mainly by less than successful performance of several field tests. Nearly all of these tests have, to at least some extent, been affected by shortcomings in the reservoir description which compound process complexities and uncertainties. 

Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery. DOI 10.101S/B978-1-85617-745-0.00007-3... 

Yang, L., Me, S.-C., 2006. Research and testing of combinations of chemical enhanced oil recovery. In Cao, H.-Q. (Ed.), Research and Development of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Daqing. Petroleum Industry Press, pp. 326-351. 

Modern chemical enhanced oil recovery theory and practice / James J. 

A very careful study of the kinetics of coalescence of an oil/water emulsion using photomicrographic droplet size analysis was done by Lawrence and Mills (17). They prepared their emulsions by homogenization. Their technique was recently modified by us to determine emulsion stability in petroleum sulfonate systems of interest in chemically enhanced oil recovery processes. These observations are given elsewhere ( , 7). ... 

WRIGHT, R. J., WHEAT, M. R. and DAWE, R. A., "Slug Size and Mobility Requirements for Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery within Heterogeneous Reservoirs", SPE 13704, presented at SPE Middle East Oil Technical Conference, Bahrain, 11-14 March, 1985. 

The nature of the association maintains a locally effective shielding of the sulfonate anions within the aggregate and preservation of the clustered structure. This suggests that for these block polymer structures, the energetics of maintaining hydrophobic association are more favorable than monomer dispersion due to ionic repulsion. This was further demonstrasted by the extreme salt sensitivity of these polymers to solution ionic strength. Small amounts of sodium chloride resulted in polymer precipitation and of course loss of viscosification. This precludes the use of these particular polymers for chemically enhanced oil recovery and indicates the need for nonionic functionality to provide water solubility. To further pursue this approach acrylamide based polymers were studied. 

Above the overlap concentration, a significant enhancement in solution viscosity was observed along with an increase in viscosity with salt concentration. In addition, the solution viscosity could exhibit Newtonian, dilatant, or pseudoplastic behavior depending on the shear rate, polymer composition and concentration. While considerable further research needs to be done, it appears that the use of hydrophobic groups on water soluble polymers provides an attractive approach to improved mobility control polymers for chemically enhanced oil recovery. 

Most chemical enhanced oil recovery processes utilize mobility control agents to improve the displacement efficiency of the mobilized oil. In situ gelling and cross-linking of mobility control agents are being used increasingly to correct for gross hetero-... 

Scheng, J., Modem Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Theory and Practice, Gulf Professional Publishing, New York, 2010. 

Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated the potential utility of borates as alkaline agents in chemical enhanced oil recovery. Compared with existing alkalis, sodium metaborate has an unusually high tolerance toward the hardness ions, Ca + and Mg +, paving the way for the implementation of alkali-surfactant-polymer floods for the large number of high-hardness saline carbonate reservoirs. In the absence of surfactants, borate solutions exhibit a strong tendency for spontaneous imbibition, or uptake into oil-wet or mixed-wet carbonate cores, with consequently improved recovery of oil compared with solutions of other salts and alkalis. 

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