Cylinder, chemical

The concept of creating a toxic gas cloud from chemical cylinders was credited to Fritz Haber of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute of Berlin in late 1914. Owing to shortages of artillery shells,... 

Fig 2-3. A typical German chemical cylinder set up and ready for discharge. The discharge from thousands of cylinders created the gas cloud. Reprinted from Army War College. German Methods of Offense. Vol 1. In Gas Warfare. Washington, DC War Department 1918 14. 

Fig. 2-18. The chemical weapons of the 1920s and 1930s. From left to right the 75-mm mustard shell the 4.2-in. white phosphorus shell the Ml 30 lb mustard bomb the Mk II 155-mm mustard shell the Livens phosgene projectile and the Mk I portable chemical cylinder. Photograph Chemical and Biological Defense Command Historical Research and Response Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.

Chemical troops were at this time (1940) armed with mortars, Livens projectors, chemical cylinders, irritant candles, and chemical land mines. The projector and the cylinder were generally considered to be in need of improvement, and the 4.2-inch chemical mortar was in fact developed as the result of CWS effort to increase the capability of chemical troops to discharge nonpersistent gas. Yet production of this mortar—then regarded as the primary weapon of chemical troops— had been suspended since 1935, and after the lapse of some five years the 8i-mm. mortar had been designated as the standard weapon for chemical troops. This arrange-... 

During the period from 1920 to 1940 the CWS initiated approximately 700 projects for the Army, the Navy, and for civilian organizations. The military subjects encompassed gas masks, protective clothing, protective ointments, incendiary materials, mortars, airplane spray tanks, chemical cylinders, chemical artillery shells, colored smoke, chemical grenades, toxicological studies, meteorology, analytical methods, pilot plants, full-scale plants, filling plants, and medical studies. 

CWTC Item 1545, Obsoletion of Cylinders, Portable, Chemical, Ml, MlAl, MlA2, and Apparatus, Charging, Portable Chemical Cylinder, Ml, 28 Mar 46. (2) CWTC Item 1614, same tide, 23 May 46. 

Chemicals/cylinders — Will be stored and secured properly. If there are small spills, cleanup supplies will be available. The chemical labels under HazCom are a prime example of 5S, everyone should know what the labels mean and they should be consistent. 

In some cases the chemical manufacturer purifies a portion of this intermediate stream to make a high purity product. In other cases, the chemical manufacturer sells a low purity product to a gas company and the gas company purifies it to make a high purity product. In both bases, purification is done on a continuous basis, rather than cylinder by cylinder. The purification processes tend to utilize standard methods. 

Mixtures of 10 and 20% fluorine ia nitrogen or other inert gases are commercially available ia cylinders and tube trailers from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Blends can be safely packaged and stored at high, eg, 13.8 MPa (2000 psi), pressure. Filled with a 20% fluorine blend, tube trailers can contain up to 500 kg of fluorine. Such high pressure mixtures permit larger quantities of fluorine to be safely shipped. 

Creep of Thick-walled Cylinders. The design of relatively thick-walled pressure vessels for operation at elevated temperatures where creep caimot be ignored is of interest to the oil, chemical, and power industries. In steam power plants, pressures of 35 MPa (5000 psi) and 650°C are used. Quart2 crystals are grown hydrothermaHy, using a batch process, in vessels operating at a temperature of 340—400°C and a pressure of 170 MPa (25,000 psi). In general, in the chemical industry creep is not a problem provided the wall temperature of vessels made of Ni—Cr—Mo steel is below 350°C. 

The submitters used trimethylalane available in a cylinder from Ethyl Corporation. Both neat trimethylalane and its 2 M solution in toluene gave comparable results. The toluene solution of trimethylalane is also available from Aldrich Chemical Company. 

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