Character recognition

There are hidden gold mines under our noses—in house data becomes the new lamps for old on the tons of old clinical data from 50 years of R D— but of course, none of it is electronically accessible. It is called a library Many organizations have undertaken huge OCR (optical character recognition) projects to scan laboratory notebooks—some data even exists on microfilm and microfiche. As it is a legal requirement for a drug submission to provide provenance of scanned notebooks [38], paper, and microfilm, many businesses concentrate solely on the capture and verification of this data, rather than considering it a valuable resource to be remined. 

In the future, data will increasingly be captured electronically. Image processing and developments in optical character recognition are already proving useful. Electronic data capture (using fax or pen-based methods) is used to collect data in some clinical trials. 

Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google s system If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. 

M. Shridhar, A. Badreldin, High Accuracy Character Recognition Algorithm Using Fourier and Topological Descriptors , Pattern Recognition 17, (1984), 515-524,... 

If a case report form must be used, the form can be scanned or faxed into a computer system. This form is then read using optical character recognition (OCR) and converted to raw data. The accuracy of OCR applications is high, but the data must be checked to ensure quality. The OCR software can have problems with ambiguous data. For example, the letter 1 and number 1 can look the same on paper. The elimination of the data entry step saves both time and money. Careful design of the case report form and good instructions to the end user will minimize entry errors. 

OCR (optical character recognition) ODBC (open database connectivity)... 

FIGURE 3.2 Problems with character recognition in chemical names. 

An overview of the history of OCR -can be found at http //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Optical character recognition (accessed December 8, 2007). 

Clearly, there is a pressing need for an equivalent to optical character recognition, optical chemical structure recognition, that can automatically turn bitmapped structural diagrams into structure descriptions—connection tables or equivalent structural strings—that are suitable for input into chemical structure databases. 

The OCR process is divided into two steps separation of each character into a matrix and the recognition of each matrix. Character separation is performed because characters are often overlapped, and therefore recognition is difficult or unreliable. Each separated matrix undergoes a noise filtration to eliminate isolated on-pixels. The character recognition is achieved by feature extraction of the refined matrix. 

Govindan, V. K., and A. P. Shivaprasad. 1990. Character recognition a review. Pattern... 

EarthFirst film for envelope windows comes in clear and matte film. The USPS standard for haze is met and exceeded with EarthFirst PLA film and readability is not compromised as it also meets the USPS Optical Character Recognition Machine standards. 

SVM s have been shown to have superior performance to ANN s in non-linear modeling studies such as optical character recognition. In our hands, initial applications of SVM s to the prediction of ADMET properties from molecular structure indicate that their overall error performance is similar to that of ANN s, but that the predicted values have a smoother distribution and a slightly less-compressed range. 

The semiconductor industry has become the largest user of automated vision systems. A silicon wafer that will become hundreds of microchips starts as a finely machined disc about 7.9 in (200 mm) in diameter. Before the disc is split into individual chips, the wafer undergoes dozens of steps—some of which are indiscernible by the human eye. To ensure the wafer maintains that sequence, sorting systems using optical character recognition (OCR) identify each wafer, sort it in a clean room environment and report the results to a central network. 

You can use a scanner and a software program that performs optical character recognition to create a data file from hard copy. Once imported into Excel, the data may have to be manipulated to get it into a useable form. The following example shows how to record a simple Excel macro for converting scarmed data with blank lines and other undesired features into useful columnar data. 

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