Change of state alarm

Change-of-state alarm. A change-of-state alarm is generated on any change of the discrete value. 

Many different functions of pheromones have been found since Butenandt. Aggregation pheromones attract both sexes to a special location, while sex pheromones are offered by one sex only to attract or arouse the other one. Trail pheromones used by ants mark food trails and alarm pheromones change the state of alertness of conspecifics. These are only some of the functions pheromones can have, and similar different functions can be found in allelochemicals as well. 

The installation of fixed systems for down-hole geophysical measurements will permit a more refined monitoring of the environmental state of the sub-surface and the development of automatic alarm systems to ensure swift response in the event of critical changes in the quality of the sub-surface. The overall reduction of investigation time has led to the installation of a containment system about one year earlier than would have been possible, had a classical approach been employed. 

Analysis the completion monitoring by distinguishing the value of the alarm status is true or false by detecting the calibration of state, the change status or the duration. 

Stale alarm (also see Table IX/4.1.2-1) When an alarm goes in to alarm state but never return to normal state within 24 h time. This is similar to standing alarm. Shelved alarm is an alarm resulted on account of alarm suppression technique/ mechanism initiated by operator to temporarily suppress a set of alarms until an underlying problem can be corrected. Shelved alarms must be presented to the operator. (Such shelving should be done with due authorization for with detailed reasoning noted and displayed. A review of the same after change of shift should be undertaken). When equipment is under maintenance alarms associated with it may be shelved. 

This application fully exploits the dynamic nature of the model since the alarm point will be modified continuously during load changes and other periods of nonsteady-state operation. 

Human sleep occurs involuntarily. That is, with rare possible exceptions, humans cannot volitionally change their brain state from wakefulness to sleep. The environment and behavior can be manipulated to increase the likelihood of sleep, but the neural activity that brings about sleep is essentially involuntary. Similarly, the maintenance of sleep (i.e., sleep length) and the termination of sleep (awakening) are endogenous processes, rather than under voluntary control. In fact, when individuals wish to impact the awakening process, they rely on external stimuli (e.g., alarm clock). In sum, endogenous neural processes control ... 

A modern-day petroleum refinery is a complex chemical operation that involves numerous separations and chemical processing steps. Today virtually all the chemical analysis equipment found in the research laboratory is also used in the refinery or an online basis is often coupled to a control circuit to monitor product quality and make the necessary immediate adjustment in process conditions required to meet product specifications. While the online gas chromatograph is the most widely used instrument, infrared spectrometers, mass spectrometers, pH indicators, new infrared spectrometers with chemometric capability and moisture analysis based in solid-state conductors are not found in every refinery in the country. Until the 1970s, samples of most process streams in the refinery were taken at periodic intervals during the day and adjustments were made after the research was received from the refinery s analytical lab. This process was followed by the installation of online analysis equipment that sounded alarms, and the equipment operators took appropriate action. Today most operations are on computer control and the information received from online analytical equipment is processed almost continuously and controls make the required changes. An alarm may still sound and the equipment operator still responds, but usually the problem has already been corrected. 

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