Standing alarms

The Data Processing System displays all operating parameters and the state of the plant. Alarms are displayed separately. Operator action is taken immediately to clear operational faults. Plant defects relating to safety are investigated and cleared if possible in 1 day. Lesser defects are cleared within 3 days. Reasons for all standing alarms are recorded for the information of all operational staff. Major faults may result in the immediate shutdown of the reactor or wait for a planned outage. Safety related plant is covered by alternative conventional instrumentation as backup to the computer-derived data. 

Alarms Standing Pareto chart listing hours for alarms greater than 24 hours old NOTE This may be used to measure current standing alarms and/or cleared standing alarms for comparison purposes... 

EEMUA also recommends that for a control system with >1000 configured alarms should have standing alarm <10 and shelved alarm (other than maintenance shelved alarms) <30. 

What is standing alarm And what are shelved alarms ... 

Standing Alarm An alarm which is in an active alarm state for a significant period of time, for example, 4—8 h [10] is referred to as standing alarm. 

Stale alarm (also see Table IX/4.1.2-1) When an alarm goes in to alarm state but never return to normal state within 24 h time. This is similar to standing alarm. Shelved alarm is an alarm resulted on account of alarm suppression technique/ mechanism initiated by operator to temporarily suppress a set of alarms until an underlying problem can be corrected. Shelved alarms must be presented to the operator. (Such shelving should be done with due authorization for with detailed reasoning noted and displayed. A review of the same after change of shift should be undertaken). When equipment is under maintenance alarms associated with it may be shelved. 

No more than 10 standing alarms, i.e. alarms which have been acknowledged... 

There are a number of commercial alarm management systems available. Some features are often already built into the DCS as standard. Others require the addition of a package -maybe from a third party. These are not a substitute for an ongoing review of alarm statistics, but they do add useful functionality. They can be particularly useful in identifying repeating nuisance and long-standing alarms. 

Standing alarms exist while the condition persists these are sometimes referred to as raised alarms. Shelving is a facility that allows the operator to temporarily prevent an alarm from being displayed when it is becoming a nuisance. The EEMUA guide indicates that during normal operations alarm rates should be less than one alarm every 10 minutes. A survey of 37 unique operator consoles in the petrochemical industry revealed that one third of the surveyed consoles were able to achieve this alarm rate. An additional one quarter of the surveyed consoles were found to... 

Average alarm rate in steady operation Alarms in 10 minutes after plant upset Average number of standing alarms Average number of shelved alarms... 

Alarm histories should be reviewed on a regular basis in order to reduce standing alarms and nuisance alarms. 

Standing alarms. These never go away, no longer mean anything, and are ignored. They waste display space on the console and reduce confidence in the value of the alarm system. 

Standing levels Loads, which impose a consistent and continued load upon the battery (e.g. alarm facias). 

The current world population stands at 5.3 billion and is growing rapidly (1), Demographers project that the world population will reach 6.1 billion by the turn of the century, approach 8.2 billion by 2025, and probably reach 15 billion by 2100 (2), Never before in history have humans, by their sheer numbers, so dominated the earth and its resources. What is equally alarming is the 1.8% annual population growth rate --a rate 1800-times greater than that during the first million years of human existence. At this growth rate about one quarter million people are added to the world population every day. 

More specific diagnostic tests may be warranted in patients not responding to empiric (prescription) therapy, those with complicated or alarm symptoms (e.g., weight loss or dysphagia), or those with long-standing symptoms who are at risk for Barrett s esophagus. 

Further diagnostic evaluation should be performed in those who do not respond to therapy, who present with alarm symptoms (e.g., dysphagia, weight loss), or who have long-standing GERD symptoms. 

Stand alone fire or gas detection and alarm panels are normally provided in the main control facility for the installation. Recent trends also incorporate the transmittal of fire and gas alarms through the DCS into the main process alarm real time control panel. When alarm panels are located within a protected building, they should be located for easy access for emergency response personnel and proximity to manual electrical power shut off facilities. 

No single book did more to awaken and alarm the world than Rachel Carson s Silent Spring. It makes no difference that some of the fears she expressed ten years ago have proved groundless or that here and there she may have been wrong in detail. Her case still stands, sometimes with different facts to support it. 

The most desired outcome of a glucose sensor system is to prevent the occurrence of hyper- and hypoglycemia or, at least, reduce the severity of hypoglycemia. For a stand-alone monitor system, all it needs to do is to sound an alarm accurately and in a timely fashion. This, in concept, is an open-loop system. It requires the patient to decide how to manage the monitoring process. In reality, however, this seemingly simple task has been very difficult. Sensitivity and specificity are usually used to evaluate the effectiveness of the alarm methodology as well as the usefulness of the device. 

A pharmacy, like any other business entity, needs to protect itself, its employees, and its customers from physical and financial harm. No matter how careful a pharmacy is about preventing risks, it is practically impossible to eliminate accidents, such as when a customer or employee slips on the pharmacy s floor. At the same time, insuring for these risks does not eliminate the need for pharmacies to take effective risk prevention measures. Indeed, insurers commonly require that pharmacies have risk prevention measures in place to keep insurance policies in good standing for these risks or to reduce premiums. For instance, insurance for fire damage generally requires a sprinkler system or smoke detectors or alarms. 

For the bee alarm pheromone, the accurate mass turns out to be 114.1039. Table 3.4 compares possible atomic compositions, and the result is conclusive. The exact masses to three places of decimals fit the observed exact mass only for the composition C7H140. You may not think the fit is very good when you look at the two numbers, but notice the difference in the error expressed as parts per million. One answer stands out from the rest. Note that even two places of decimals would be enough to distinguish these four compositions. 

But no-o-o-o. She studies my face intently as we stand, her inside and me outside her crib. She even holds my face maternally between her dimpled little hands. Then, looking every bit as serious and lawyerlike as her father, she says, as if it may just possibly have slipped my attention Mommy, there s a world in your eye. (As in, Don t be alarmed, or do anything crazy. ) And then, gently, but with great interest Mommy, where did you get that world in your eye ... 

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