Chalk aquifer

Spence MJ, Bottrell SH, Thornton SI, Richnow HH, Spence KH (2005) Hydrochemical and isotopic effects associated with petroleum fuel biodegradation pathways in a chalk aquifer. J Con... 

Edmunds W.M., Cook J.M., Darling W.G., Kinniburgh D.G., Miles D.L., Bath A.H., Morgan-Jones M., and Andrews J.N. (1987) Baseline geochemical conditions in the Chalk aquifer, Berkshire, U.K. A basis for groundwater quality management. Applied Geochemistry 2, 251-274. 

Mariotti A., Landreau A., and Simon B. (1988) isotope biogeochemistry and natural denitrification process in groundwater application to the chalk aquifer of northern France. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1869-1878. 

Gooddy D. C., Clay J. W., and BottrelJ S. H. (2002) Redox-driven changes in porewater chemistry in the unsaturated zone of the chalk aquifer beneath unlined cattle slurry lagoons. Appl Geoch. 17, 903-921. 

Johnson AC, Besien TJ, Lai Bhardwaj C, Dixon A, Gooddy DC, Haria AH, White C. Penetration of herbicides to groundwater in a unconfined chalk aquifer following normal soil applications. J Contain Hydrol 2001 53 101-17. 

According to the shape of UV spectra and physico-chemical results, different types of waters can be identified. The northern part of the marsh (wet meadows, stations 5 and 6) is only influenced by freshwaters. UV spectra are typical of natural water without organic matter (the absorbance above 240 nm is close to zero). The Gaussian shape around 210 nm indicates the presence of nitrates. UV spectra are superposed, meaning that water quality is the same for these two stations. The conductivity value of 420 pSIcm shows the direct influence of the chalk aquifer. 

Chilton PJ, Lawrence AR, Barker A. 1990. Chlorinated solvents in chalk aquifers some preliminary observations on behavior and transport. In Telford T, International Chalk Symposium. London, England, 605-610. 

Chilton, P.J., Stuart, M.E., Gooddy, D.C., Williams, R.J. and Johnson, A.C. 2005. Pesticide fate and behaviour in the UK Chalk aquifer, and implications for groundwater quality. Quarteriy Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 65-81. 

Elliot, T., Chadha, D.S. and Younger, P.L. 2001. Water quality impacts and palaeohydrogeology in the Yorkshire chalk aquifer, UK. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 34, 385-398. 

All water supplies to the Cambridge area are from groundwater abstractions, the majority being from a chalk aquifer, with a small amount abstracted from greensand. These waters have an alkalinity of 200 to 300 mg/1 (as CaCOs) and a pH of 7.0 to 7.5. Sulphate and chloride contents are low but nitrate approaches 50 mg/1 (NO3) at some abstractions. 

Needham, S. N. 1995. The behaviour of atrazine and simazine within the Chalk aquifer. PhD Thesis, University of Birmingham. 

In view of experience with the groundwater nitrate problem and the possibility of a large unsaturated time-lag in British aquifer systems (especially in the Chalk), it is necessary to address the following questions in the above investigation ... 

Kristensen, G.B., H. Johannesen, and J. Aamand (2001). Mineralization of aged atrazine and mecoprop in soil and aquifer chalk. Chemosphere, 45 927-934. 

Melnyk, T.W. Walton, F.B. Johnson, L.H. "High-Level Waste Glass Field Burial Tests at CRNL. The Effect of Geochemical Kinetics on the Release and Migration of Fission Products in a Sandy Aquifer", AECL-6836, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada, 1983. 

Fig. 11.16 Study area of the Judean Mountains, central Israel. Limestone and dolomite (Cenomanian-Turonian) outcrops serve as recharge areas into a phreatic aquifer, confined on the flanks by younger chalk (Senonian). (From Mazor and Kroitoru, 1987.)...

Ground Water Geochemistry. Ground water from the lower aquifer in the lower Perch Lake Basin at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, Figure 2, was used for field elution studies to provide water of different redox characteristics. Water from piezometer "0" in the transition area, and from KNEW in the discharge area was used as being representative of "neutral" and... 

Jackson R. E. and Inch K. J. (1989) The in-situ absorption of Sr-90 in a sand aquifer at the Chalk River nuclear laboratories. J. Contamin. Hydrol. 4, 27-50. 

The cyclic Lower Cretaceous shelf carbonates of the Edwards Group dip into the Gulf of Mexico Coast geosyncline , and can be considered, to a first approximation, as part of a complex aquifer contained by Paleozoic basement beneath, and by relatively impermeable Upper Cretaceous clay and chalk above. The hydrodynamic character of this carbonate system is strongly controlled by major fault systems. Major fault systems serve as pathways for vertical movement of basinal brines into the Lower Cretaceous section. Formation water movement in this sytem has strong upfault and updip components. 

Fig. 7. Schematic north—south cross-section through San Antonio and the Muil Field (see Fig. 1). Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments (the aquifer ) are shown by the limestone Pattern since most are carbonates. They are overlain by Upper Cretaceous clay and chalk. The northern-most outcrops are associated with the Balcones Fault zone near San Antonio. The shallow part of the section is underlain by Paleozoic basement , or by Triassic rocks further south. Jurassic salt is shown by solid hatchures. Darkened areas at A, B and C depict the three producing zones, the Stuart City Reef Trend (the carbonate platform margin), the Karnes Trough and the Atascosa Trough, respectively. Note the faulting associated with them. The temperature axis is speculative below 5 km.

Another experiment has been made near Rouen in the North of France, in an alluvial plain bordered by chalk cliffs. Four sampling points have been chosen in order to study the water quality relation between the cliffs and the aquifer of the plain (Fig. 21). Figure 22 shows that the water quality is close for the different samples with an increase in nitrate concentration during its infiltration into the karst (stations 2, 3, 4). The presence of fine particles in sample 4 (borehole) suggests the drainage of the alluvial deposits. Table 5 presents some chemical characteristics of the samples. The quality of the source cannot be explained by the doline composition but only by the karstic drainage. The influence of... 

Price, M. 1987. Fluid flow in the Chalk of England. In Fluid Flow in Sedimentary Basins and Aquifers, Special Publication No. 34, Goff, J.C. and Williams, B.P.J. (Eds), Geological Society, London, 141-156. 

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