Cervical tumor size

In humans methylene chloride exposure has been associated with a wide variety of cancers in a number of cohort and case control studies pancreatic, prostate, lung, liver, cervical, breast, and astrocytic brain tumors have been reported. Limitations in these studies include small sample size, incomplete exposure information, and concomitant exposure to other carcinogenic substances. The lARC has stated that there is not a sufficiently consistent elevation of risk across studies to make a causal interpretation credible. In a recent study of 1473 workers, followed for nearly 50 years, methylene chloride exposure level was not related to mortality due to all causes, malignant neoplasms, or lung and pancreatic cancers. ... 

Figure 4.17 Reduced diffusion coefficient as a function of molecular size. Hydrodynamic radii were determined from the diffusion coefficient in water according to Equation 4-4. (a) Diffusion of proteins and peptides in mid-cycle human cervical mucus [5], Measurements were performed by FPR (squares) or quantitative imaging of fluorescence profiles (circles), (b) Protein and dextran diffusion through granulation (squares) or tumor tissue (circles) in the rabbit ear [20, 21]. (c) Glucose diffusion through capsular tissue (squares) and cartilage (circles and triangles) [92]. Each symbol represents a separate measurement.

Cervical cancer arises in the transitional zone that marks the junction of the squamous epithelium of the external cervix with the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal. This zone is usually located on the portio in younger women, which is where cervical cancer usually occurs with exophytic growths. In contrast, older women with retraction of the transformation zone into the cervical canal typically develop cervical cancer with an endocervical growth pattern (Fig. 7.13). This growth type usually gives rise to the typical barrel-shaped configuration of the cervix as the tumor increases in size or an endocervical ulcer develops when there is necrosis. 

Fig. 7.46a-c. Monitoring of radiotherapy, a-c T2w TSE images in sagittal orientation, a Cervical cancer (arrow) with infiltration of the urinary bladder, b Size reduction of the tumor (arrow) during radiotherapy, c No circumscribed tumor of the cervix is depicted 3 months after completion of irradiation (arrow). 

Measurements of intra-tumoral oxygenation in locally recurrent cervical carcinomas with a methodological approach similar to that developed for the primary disease showed a pronounced shift to more hypoxic oxygenation profiles in the recurrent tumors as compared to the primary lesions (Hockel et al. 1998). Median PO2 values in 53 pelvic recurrences of SCC were significantly lower than the median p02 values of 117 primary tumors of comparable sizes (7 mmHg vs. 12 mmHg,p < 0.001). 

Vitexin is also able to induee apoptosis and suppress tumor growth in cancer models of breast, prostate, liver, cervical [90] and colon [91]. Zu et al., [92] obtained via supercritical anti-solvent (SAS), vitexin micronized powder with an average size of 126 nm with higher dissolution rate compared to the improcessed vitexin. 

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