CERN

Safety System for the Protection of Personnel in the CERN Large Hadron Collider 

This chapter presents the operating principles of the personnel protection system vis-a-vis the radiological dangers involved in operating the LHC, the Large Hadron Collider. 

the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is one of the largest and most prestigious scientific laboratories in the world. It is dedicated to the discovery of the constitution and laws of the universe. It uses the most complex scientific instruments to probe the ultimate eonstituents of matter the fundamental particles. By studying what happens when these partieles collide, physicists learn about the laws of nature. 

Chapter written by Pierre Ninin, Silvia Grau, Tomasz Ladzinski and Francesco Valentini. 

Safety of Computer Architectures Edited by Jean-Louis Boulanger 

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The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICliE) wishes to thank the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) and those involved in its operation, including its many sponsors whose funding and technical support made this project possible. Particular thanks are due to the members of the Batch Reaction Subcommittee for their enthusiasm, tireless effort and technical contributions. Members of the subcommittee played a major role in the writing of this book by suggesting examples, by offering failure scenarios for the major equipment covered in the book and by suggesting possible solutions to the various Con-cerns/Issues mentioned in the tables. 

G D Agostini. Bayesian reasoning in high energy physics Principles and applications. CERN Lectures, 1998. 

C. Rubbia and S- Van der Meer (CERN, Geneva) decisive contributions to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction. 

G. Charpak (ficole Superieure de Physique et Chemie, Paris, and CERN Geneva) invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber. 

Wesen, n. being, essence, substance nature, character, condition, manner afFairs, con cerns, matters means, property, wesenhaft, a. (proposed term for) schematic. Wesenrlss, m. (proposed term for) schematic diagram. 

The Large Hadron Collider is an accelerator scheduled for completion in the year 2005 at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland. It will accelerate protons to an energy of 8 TeV. At that energy, the protons will have a speed only about one part in 130 million slower than the speed of light. 

CERN s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project at http //lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/... 

F. Hinterberger, Electrostatic accelerators, in Proceedings of CERN Accelerator School and KVI Specialised CAS Course on Small Accelerator, D. Brandt (Ed.), CERN, Geneva, CERN 2006 012, 95 112 (2006). 

T. Junquera et al. Neutron Irradiation Tests of Calibrated Cryogenic Sensors on Low Temperatures, CERN-LHC Project Report n°153 (1997)... 

It led to a prediction that the number of different sorts of neutrino (equivalent in standard particle physics to the number of families of quarks and leptons) is less than 4 and probably no more than 3. This prediction was subsequently confirmed (subject to slight reservations about differences between effective numbers of neutrino species in the laboratory and in the early Universe) by measurements of the width or lifetime of the Z° boson at CERN in 1990. 

Estimates of primordial helium and deuterium with improved measurements of neutron half-life restrict number of light neutrino families to about 3. Similar, firmer result from LEP measurements at CERN of width of Z° resonance. 

CERN European Council for Nuclear Research (Geneva)... 

CERN Intersecting Storage Rings, aerogel application, 7 766... 

One important condition is constituted by the fact that certainly in symmetric nuclear matter no phase transition is observed below 3po- In fact some theoretical interpretation of the heavy ion experiments performed at the CERN SPS [30] points to a possible phase transition at a critical density pc ss 6po ss 1/fm3. We will in the following take this value for granted and use an extended MIT bag model [31] (requiring a density dependent bag constant ) that is compatible with this condition. 

Concerning the quark matter EOS, we found that a density dependent bag parameter B p) is necessary in order to be compatible with the CERN-SPS findings on the phase transition from hadronic to quark matter. Joining the corresponding EOS with the baryonic one, maximum masses of about 1.6 M are reached, in line with other recent calculations of neutron star properties employing various phenomenological RMF nuclear EOS together with either effective mass bag model [39] or Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model [40] EOS for quark matter. 

MiloS Smutek, Slavoj Cern 4, and FrantiSek Buzek... 

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