Cerebral spreading depression

Alexis NE, Back T, Zhao W, Dietrich WD, Watson BD, Ginsberg MD (1996) Neurobehavioral consequences of induced spreading depression following photothrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain Res 706 273-282 Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, Cous-sement P, Kleiman NS, Vahanian A, Adgey AAJ, Menown... 

Busch E, Gyngell M, Eis M, Hoehn-Berlage M, Hossmann K-A (1996) Potassium-induced cortical spreading depression during focal cerebral ischemia in rats contribution to lesion growth assessed by diffusion-weighted NMR and biochemical imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 1090-1099... 

Leao AAP (1944) Spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 7 359-390... 

Disturbances of proton diffusion are not unique to cerebral ischemia. Reduced diffusion has also been found in various experimental conditions including spreading depression (Busch et al. 1995) and peri-infarct depolarizations (Gyngell et al. 1994 Rother et al. 1996), hypoglycemia (Hasegawa et al. 1996), following cortical application of noxious substances [blockers of the Na+-/K+-ATPase (Benveniste et al. 1992), excitotoxins (Verheul et al. 1994)] and... 

Siesjo, B.K. and Bengtsson, F. (1989) Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia and spreading depression a unifying hypothesis. J. Cerebral Blood Flow Metab. 9 127-140. 

Tatlisumak T, Takano K, MeUer MR, Pisher M. A glycine site antagonist, zd9379, reduces number of spreading depressions and infarct size in rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke. 1998 29 190-195... 

When insulin was only in its second decade of medical use, it was developed, in desperation, into a therapy to attempt to alleviate the mental devastation wrought by schizophrenia. The therapy involved 30 min of hypoglycemic coma, or as it was then termed insulin coma (Sakel, 1937). Our present understanding of hypoglycemic coma allows us to conceive of spreading depression of Leao passing over the brain surface followed by complete loss of the direct current potential of the cerebral... 

ZO-1 lAnimal models of PD [27], HD [55], EAE [74], embolic ischemia, cortical spreading depression [59], experimental hematoma [75], and in human cerebral malaria [42]... 

Laminin fAnimal models of HD [55], MDMA injury [76], transient global ischemia [77], brain fet embolism [78], embolic focal cerebral ischemia [79], transient focal cerebral ischemia [80], cerebral ischemia [81], subarachnoid hemorrhage [82], cortical spreading depression [59], aging, and AD [83]... 

On the other hand, the results using the hippocampal seizure model revealed an interesting profile of anticonvulsant effects for PCP and ketamine, compared to several classical anticonvulsant compounds. When tested against the unkindled hippocampal seizure, the effects of behaviorally equivalent doses of PCP and ketamine were remarkably similar, but differed substantially from the effects of the anticonvulsant drugs. The compression of the entire EEG seizure episode to a shorter duration was unique to PCP and ketamine, and suggests an anticonvulsant effect. Conversely, the small prolongation of the initial AD episode, and the decreased duration of the postictal depression, could be reflective of pro-convulsive influences. There were, however, no other indications of enhanced seizure activity, such as the appearance of motor convulsions or spread of seizure activity to the cerebral cortex. 

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