Cerebral insufficiency

Aniracetam (6), launched in 1993 in both Japan and Italy for the treatment of cognition disorders, is in Phase II trials in the United States as of this writing. In clinical studies it has been shown to cause some improvement in elderly patients with mild to moderate mental deterioration (63), and in geriatric patients with cerebral insufficiency (64). In a multicenter double-blind placebo-controUed trial involving 109 patients with probable AD, positive effects were observed in 36% of patients after six months of treatment (65), a result repeated in a separate study of 115 patients (66). A review of the biological and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical results of aniracetam treatment in cognitively impaired individuals is available (49). 

Gnkgo (maiden hair tree, kew tree) Ginkgo biloba Raynauds disease, cerebral insufficiency anxiety, stress, tinnitus, dementias, circulatory problems, asthma Rare if used as directed possible effects include headache, dizziness, heart palpitations, Gl effects, rash, allergic dermatitis Do not take with antidepressant drugs, such as the MAOIs, or the antiplatelet drugs such as coumarin, unless advised to do so by the primary care provider. 

Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. (1992b). Ginkgo biloba for cerebral insufficiency. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 34(4) 352-58. 

Chiral /3,/3-diaryIpropionic acid moieties are often found in compounds showing biological activities, such as antiarrhythmics vasodilators antidepressives " , antihistamines and controllers of cerebral insufficiency ". In the course of synthetic studies of chiral -diaryIpropionic acid derivatives, Merck researchers developed stereoselective conjugate addition of aryllithium reagents to the a,/ -unsaturated fert-butyl esters 18 bearing a chiral imidazolidine or oxazolidine auxiliary at the ortho position of an aryl group. The addition furnished chiral -diaryIpropionic acid derivatives 19 with... 

Uterine atonia, postpartum bleeding, migraine, orthostatic circulatory disturbances, senile cerebral insufficiency, hypertension, hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, and Parkinsonism [36]. New therapeutic uses have recently emerged, such as, e.g., against schizophrenia, applications based on its newly discovered antibacterial and cytostatic effects, and immunomodulatory and hypolipemic activity [37-39]. 

N.A. Ginkgocide , , C, J, and M, flavonoids, bilobalide, sciadopitysin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, bilobetin, carotenoids, 4 -0- methylpyridoxine.133,134 135,136,137,311,510,511 Treat dementia and cerebral insufficiency, relieve asthma, treat cerebral disorders. 

The convincing evidence from the experimental work presented here supports the conclusion that EGb is effective for the treatment of dementia and cerebral insufficiency. To sum up the major characteristics of the pharmacological activities of EGb, particularly in the CNS, the following conclusions can be readied. EGb improves hypoxic tolerance and protects cerebral neurons against apoptosis-, edema- and ischemia-induced injury. In addition, EGb inhibits age-related impairment of cerebral neurotransmitters, inducting muscarinic receptors, and 2-... 

Herbs have been used as medical treatments since the beginning of civilization and some herbal derivatives (e.g., aspirin, reserpine, and digitalis) have become a mainstay of human pharmacotherapy. For cardiovascular diseases, herbal treatments have been used in patients with congestive heart failure, systolic hypertension, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, cerebral insufficiency, venous insufficiency, and arrhythmia. Scientific validation of several plant species has proved the efficacy of the botanicals in reducing the... 

Attention must be paid to severe clotting disorders, cardiac and coronary insufficiency, severe cardiac arrhythmia, serious hypertension, respiratory insufficiency and purulent peritonitis as possible contraindications. The same is true of Bekhterev s disease and cerebral insufficiency (depending on the respective severity). Despite a wide range of indications, the list of contraindications (with the exception of hepatogenic clotting disorders) only covers severe extrahepatic diseases. In these cases, it is the treatment of the serious condition which is of paramount importance and not the diagnostic clarification of abdominal or hepatobiliary diseases. (228, 244, 254, 266, 275) (s. tab. 7.13)... 

Through a biomimetic approach, tabersonine is also the semisynthetic precursor of vincamine, a Eburna alkaloid isolated from Vinca minor, and is used for cerebral insufficiency in Europe. Tabemanthe iboga has a long history of use as a stimulant in tropical Africa its main active principle is ibogaine, a controlled substance in many countries (Fig. 40). It is being actively investigated in the United States for its potential to induce opium addiction withdrawal. 

A case where two stereogenic centres are equilibrated in one step, and a third in another occurred in Oppolzer s synthesis26 of (+)-vincamine 105, a natural alkaloid used for the treatment of cerebral insufficiency in man. It has three stereogenic centres, but one of them epimerises at... 

Vesper, J. et al, "Efticacy of Ginkgo biloba in 90 Outpatients with Cerebral Insufficiency Caused by Old Age Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial," Phylomedicine, 1994,1, pp. 9-16. 

Lin CC, Cheng WL, Hsu SH, Chang CM (2003) The effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts on the memmy and motOT functions of rats with chronic cerebral insufficiency. Neuropsychobiology 47(1) 47-51. doi 10.1159/000068875... 

Vorberg G (1985) Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE ) A long-term study of chroitic cerebral insufficiency in gmiatric patients. Clin Trials J 22(2) 149-157... 

In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 72 outpatients with cerebral insufficiency of at least 24 weeks duration, EGb-761 improved mental/ mnestic performance [53]. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate G. biloba (120-240 mg/day) effectiveness in treating cerebrovascular insufficiency [54], All of the seven studies included in the analysis were double-blind, placebo-controlled... 

Cerebral insufficiency refers to describe the people with age-related decline in mental function and decrease blood flow to the brain cause by clogged arteries. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is an inflammatory mediator, plays an important role in allergy, inflammatory processes, coronary, and cerebral vasoconstriction [178]. The production and release of PAF in the brain under various pathological conditions, including oxidant stress-induced ischemic injury [179]. The efficiency of EGb-761 on cerebral circulation and metabolism has been demonstrated in various models of cerebrovascular insufficiency and showed beneficial effect like cerebral edema in rats intoxicated with triethyltin chloride (TET) [180]. Moreover, oral or intravenous administrations EGb decrease cerebral edema development in gerbils [181]. In an animal study [182], EGb-761 and an extract of local ginkgo... 

Eckmann F. Cerebral insufficiency—treatment with Ginkgo-biloba extract Time of onset of effect in a double-blind study with 60 inpatients. Fortschr der Med 1990 108 557-560. 

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