Cereal by-products

Most by-products obtained from the various milling industries (Chapters 7,8, and 9), the brewing industry, and bioreflneries (see Chapter 14) are commonly channeled to the feed industries. These by-products are divided into fiber, energy, and protein-rich feedstuffs. Tables 18.9 and 18.10 smnmarize the nutritional composition and energy values of the most common cereal by-products for different animal species. 

From maize dry milling (Chapter 7) is obtained bran, germ, and a product commonly known as hominy feed. The bran is considered as a fiber by-product, and is 

---

Variability may be higher in organic grains than in conventional grains, because of the fertilizer practices in organic grain production, but the data are inadequate at present. Cereal by-products tend to be more variable than the grains therefore, their use in poultry diets may have to be limited to achieve consistency of the formulations. 

Cereal by-products, corn gluten feed, dehydrated sugar beet pulp, dehydrated potato and soybean hulls... 

Cereal grains, cereal by-products (wheat milling by-products and gluten feed), legume and oil seeds (pea, lupin, faba bean, full fat rapeseed and full fat sunflower seed), oil seed meals (groundnut, rapeseed, linseed, sunflower, copra, sesame and soybean), dehydrated sugar beet pulp, dehydrated potato, carob and molasses. 

Animals consume large quantities of starch in cereal grains, cereal by-products and tubers. 

Calves, pigs and poultry depend upon cereal grains for their main source of energy, and at certain stages of growth as much as 90 per cent of their diet may consist of cereals and cereal by-products. Cereals generally form a lower proportion of the total diet of ruminants, although they are the major component of the concentrate ration. 

List five factors other than price that affect the feeding value of a given cereal grain or a cereal by-product. 

List the main cereal by-products obtained by dry- and wet-millers, brewers, and fuel ethanol processors, indicating their main nutritional attributes. 

The role of cereals in hnman and animal nntrition is covered in the last two chapters. Chapter 17 covers the important role of cereals in human nutrition and the new emerging area of how nntraceuticals, associated to different types of cereal grains, positively affect hnman health. This section contains many tables detailing the nutritional requirements of humans throughout their life cycle, as well as the chemical and nutraceutical composition of different types of cereal-based products. The last chapter deals with the importance of cereals and their by-products in animal nutrition. This chapter also includes tables detailing the composition of the different types of cereals, by-products, and processes commonly used to enhance the nutritional value of cereals for poultry, swine, horses, and ruminants, which provide most animal food products for human consumption. 

---