Ceratonia extract

Figure 1. Response of dwarf-1 maize to gibberellic add and a mixture of gibberellic acid and Ceratonia extract...

In no case was any injury to the assay plant evident after treatment with Ceratonia extract. Even at high concentrations there was no apparent leaf or stem damage, such as is frequently observed after application of toxic substances. 

Figure 3. Inhibition of gibberellic acid-induced growth by Ceratonia extract...

Ceratonia extract contains an inorganic substance which is inhibitory after ashing, and that most of the inhibition is due to a substance(s) which is destroyed by ashing, and is presumably an organic compound. 

Table I. Effect of Ashing on Inhibitory Properties of Ceratonia Extract...

Comments ceratonia extract is used as an emollient. The EINECS number for ceratonia extract is 284-634-5. 

Carbon dioxide-free water Cationic emulsifying wax Ceratonia extract Cetylpyridinium bromide Chlorhexidine acetate Chlorhexidine gluconate Chlorhexidine hydrochloride Chlorodifluoromethane Chlorophenoxyethanol Com syrup solids m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol... 

Locust bean gum is extracted from the endosperm of the seeds of the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, which grows in Mediterranean countries. 

Extracts from the fruit or seed of several plant species will suppress the growth induced by gib-berellic acid. The inhibitory extract from immature fruit of Ceratonia siliqua L. has been partially purified and four inhibitory substances are now known to be present. One is an inorganic component which is inhibitory after ashing. Three organic inhibitors—A, B, and C—are responsible for most of the inhibitory activity of the extract. B and C are adsorbed by activated charcoal and can be separated in this way from organic inhibitor A, which is not adsorbed. C can be extracted with ethyl ether from aqueous solution at pH 5, while B is not removed under these conditions. 

Because of the apparently large amount of inhibitory activity exhibited by the extract and the availability of material for extraction, Ceratonia was selected for further study. Evidence has been obtained of at least four inhibitory substances during the purification of this extract. 

Left to right. Nontreated control, treated with 0.5 fig. of gibberellic acidy and treated with mixture of 0.5 fig. of gibberellic acid and extract from 0.1 gram of Ceratonia fruit... 

The original inhibitory extract from Ceratonia was obtained from immature seed. It was later found that extracts from the green pod alone were also inhibitory, and all the studies reported here were carried out with extracts from whole fruit which had reached full length but were still green. 

The extract from Ceratonia completely or almost completely suppressed the growth which usually occurs after application of gibberellic acid. This inhibitory action on maize and peas is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. 

To determine which possibility was correct, an extract from 200 grams of Ceratonia fruit was concentrated to 200 ml. and mixed with 20 grams of a mixture of 1 part of charcoal to 2 parts of Celite. The mixture was then filtered. A 1-ml. aliquot of the filtrate was removed for testing and the remainder mixed with an additional 20 grams of charcoal and Celite. This mixture was filtered and the steps were repeated until the extract had been mixed with four separate portions of charcoal and Celite. Each batch of charcoal and Celite was washed separately with 500 ml. of water and then eluted with acetone. Each eluate was evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in 20 ml. of water. 

Purification of the inhibitory substance which adsorbs onto charcoal was continued by partitioning into ethyl ether. An amount of extract derived from 286 grams of Ceratonia fruit was mixed with charcoal and Celite. The mixture was filtered the charcoal-Celite was washed with water and eluted with acetone. The eluate was concentrated to remove the acetone and the residue was suspended in 20 ml. of water (pH approximately 5). This solution was partitioned 12 times with 40 ml. of ethyl ether each time. An aliquot of the final aqueous fraction was assayed for inhibitory activity. 

Synonyms ceratonia siliqua extract extract of carob locust tree extract. 

Derivation Extracted from carob seeds, from the tree Ceratonia siliqua. 

CAROB SEED Ceratoniae semen Carob contains 40% water-soluble mucilage in the endosperm. The seeds are boiled with 4% sodium carbonate solution and then washed. The coat is separated, the seeds are pressed and the hard endosperm separated from the other ingredients. The endosperm contains up to 90% of the polysaccharide carubin, which upon grinding gives a powder, which is used as such or after water extraction and evaporation gives purified carubin. 

Obeng-Ofori, D. 1993. Behavioural responses of three stored product Coleoptera species to extract of carob (Locust bean), Ceratonia siliqua. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 66, 161-169. 

Dried, ground carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L), a by-product from the extraction of mannogalactan from carob seeds (n = 76). 

Aquasol 104. See Aloe barbadensis gel Aquasol 105. See Aloe extract Aquasol AR 90. See Sulfated castor oil Aquasol CSL. See Locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum... 

Synonyms Carob bean extract Carob extract Ceratonia siliqua Ceratonia siliqua extract Locust tree extract St. John s bread extract... 

Carob extract. See Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) extract... 

Ceratonia siliqua. See Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) extract Locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum Ceratonia siliqua extract. See Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) extract... 

Laurie acid Lauroampho PEG-glycinate phosphate Lauroyl sarcosine Lecithin Locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum Magnesium aluminum silicate Magnesium lauryl sulfate . Malt extract Meroxapol 105 Meroxapol 172... 

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