Ceramic toughened ceramics

Another area of success has been in applied materials research. Because of the integral nature of materials to advances in energy production and consumption, the laboratories have developed a number of toughened ceramics. When used as a replacement for steel, they will improve the energy performance characteristics of high-temperature applications for components of combined-cycle power plants and vehicle engines. 

Transformation toughening ceramics, 5 621-622 Transformed composition space, 22 330-331 Transforming particles ceramic—matrix composite reinforcement, 5 571—572 Transgene expression, controllable, 12 453 Transgenes, 12 452, 453... 

Carter, W.C., Butler, E.P, and Fuller, Jr. E.R. (1991). Micromechanical aspects of asperity-controlled friction in fiber-toughened ceramic composites. Scripta Metall. Mater. 25, 579 584. 

Sakai M., Takeuchi S., Fischbach D.B. and Bradt R.C. (1988). Delamination toughening from interfacial cracking in ceramics and ceramic composites. In Proc. Ceramic Microsiruclures 86 (J.A. Pask and A.G. Evans, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 869-876. 

Becher PF, Sun EY, Hsueh CH, Painter GS, More KL (2000) Role of Intergranular Films in Toughened Ceramics. In Sajgalic P, Luences Z (eds) Engineering Ceramics Multifunctional Properties - New Perspectives, Key Eng Mat 175-176. Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, p 97... 

Briggs, A. and Davidge, R.W., in Whisker-and Fibre-toughened Ceramics, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p. 153 (1988). 

Wakai, F. A review of superplasticity in Zr02-toughened ceramics , Brit. Ceram. Trans. 88 (1989) 205-208. 

N. Claussen and G. Petzow, Whisker-Reinforced Zirconia-Toughened Ceramics , in Tailoring Multiphase and Composite Ceramics, eds. R. E. 

M. C. Shaw and K. T. Faber, Temperature-Dependent Toughening in Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics, in Ceramic Microstructures 86 Role of Interfaces, Vol. 21, Materials Science Research Series, Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1987, pp. 929-938. 

R. T. Bhatt, The Properties of Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Nitride Composites , in Whisker- and Fiber-Toughened Ceramics, eds. R. A. Bradley, D. E. Clark, D. C. Larsen, and J. O. Stiegler, ASM, Materials Park, PA, 1988, p. 199. 

Zirconia Toughened Ceramics. Zirconia particles can be embedded in host matrices to form a variety7 of transformation-toughened... 

The toughening of a ceramic by the addition of whiskers that are different from the matrix material is the most traditional and the best explored methodology. The advantage of this method is the broad spectrum of ceramics that can be prepared in whisker form. Consequently, there is the potential for a broad range of ceramic matrix-ceramic whisker combinations. Since the whiskers are manufactured in a separate process, it is possible to control their size, morphology, and surface chemistry without affecting the matrix material. Additionally, whiskers can be chemically or thermally treated to change their future interactions with the matrix. 

III. Ceramics Toughened by in Situ Synthesized Whiskers A. Introduction... 

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