Cephaelis

There is a relatively large number of alkaloids which maybe considered as simple phenethyl amine [64-04-0] (59, R = H), CgH N, or tyramine [51-67-2] (59, R = OH), CgH NO, derivatives. These iaclude mescaline (61) from the small wooly peyotyl cactus l ophophora mlliamsii (L emaire) Coult. anhalamine (62) and lophocerine (63) from other Cactaceae, and the important antamebic alkaloids (—)-protoemetiae (64), (—)-ipecoside (65), and (—)-emetine (66) from the South American straggling bush Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brotero) Rich. AH of these bases appear to be derived from tyrosiae (25,... 

Ipecac is prepared from the dried roots and rhizomes of Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich, and contains the alkaloids emetine [483-18-1] (17) and cephaeJine [483-17-0] (18) in a ratio between 2 1 and 4 1. It has been used extensively in cough preparations and is beheved to act by gastric reflex stimulation. Toxic effects include vomiting, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, and cardiac arrhythmias (19). Ipecac symp is available over-the-counter in the United States only in 30-mL containers for use as an emetic in treating poisonings. 

Benzenesulfenamide, and a number of substituted benzenesulfenamides (corn-pounds B, C and D) have been prepared to protect the 7-amino group in cepha-... 

The chromatograms are freed from mobile phase in a stream of warm air, immer in the dipping solution for 3 s or homogeneously sprayed with the spray solution. O in exceptional cases, such as, for example, in the detection of emetine and cephaeli are the chromatograms then heated to 60-80°C for 10-20 min [15, 16, 31]. 

The contribution of Rubiaceae to Western pharmaceuticals and medicine is substantial because it is the source for Uncaria gambier (Hunt.) Roxb. (Catechu, British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1963), Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich. (uragoga ipecacuanha, Brazilian ipecacuanha), or Cephaelis acuminata Karsten (Cartagena ipecacuanha) (Ipecacuanha, British Pharmacopeia, 1963), Cinchona calisaya (yellow... 

Pecacuanha (active ingredient is a mixture of alkaloids), used for treating dysentery, was obtained from the bark/roots of the plant genus Cephaelis. 

Ipecacuanha Extracted from the bark or root of the Cephaelis plant, ipecacuanha was used to treat dysentery. 

Pellenbarg, R.E. and Cephas, K. Water solubility of bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, Naval Research Laboratory Memorandum Report 6795, 8 p., 1991. 

Cephas cinctus CW Produced attractive to both sexes equally 9-Acetyloxynonanal 6 [31,32]... 

Fig. 4 Electropherogram of cephalosorins (1—cefpim, 2—cefpirom, 3—cepha-loridin, 4—cephlexin, 5—cefaclor, 6—cefuroxim, 7—cefotaxin) in a microemulsion system. Buffer, pH 7.0, 10 mM phosphate containing 6.49% l-butanol/0.82% ra-heptane, 1.44% glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC), and 5.685% Tween. Capillary, 48.5- (40 cm to detector) X 50-/rm ID 30 kV detection, 265 nm. (From Ref. 14.)...

Ipecac syrup is prepared from the dried rhizome and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha or Cephaelis acuminata, plants from Brazil and Central America that have the alkaloid emetine as their active principal ingredient. It acts directly on the CTZ and also indirectly by irritating the gastric mucosa. Ipecac is cardiotoxic if absorbed and can cause cardiac conduction disturbances, atrial fibrillation, or fatal myocarditis. If emesis does not occur, gastric lavage using a nasogastric tube must be performed. 

Chemical Class Cephaelis ipecacuanha derivative I Clinical Pharmacology ... 

Baill. [= Cephaelis ipecacuahna (Brot.) A. Rich.], Leguminosae, Ang. from tropical S America... 

Harbome, J.B., Saito, N., and Detoni, C.H., Anthocyanins of Cephaelis, Cynomorium, Euterpe, Lavatera and Pinanga, Biochem. Syst. Ecol, 22, 835, 1994. 

Cephaelis ipeca-cmnha. It act on both gastric mucosa and CTZ. 

Emetine and dehydroemetine are natural alkaloid obtained from Cephaelis ipecacuanha and synthetic analog respectively. They are effective against tissue trophozoites of . histolytica. It has no effect on cysts but effective in amoebic liver abscess also. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis by arresting intraribosome translocation of tRNA-amino acid complex. Dehydroemetine is less toxic than emetine and very effective drug for tissue amoebiasis. It is more rapidly eliminated from the body than emetine. 

Source of enzyme Phenoxy- methyl- pencillin Ampi- cillin Methi- cillin Oxa- cillin Cloxa- cillin 6-APA Cepha- losporin C Benzyl- cepha- losporin Cepha- loridine Ref. 

Benzyl- Ampi- Methi- Oxa- Cloxa- Cephalo- Cepha- ... 

RF Straub, RD Voyksner. Determination of penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin cloxacillin and cepha-pyrin by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 647 167-181, 1993. 

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