Cinchona calisaya

The contribution of Rubiaceae to Western pharmaceuticals and medicine is substantial because it is the source for Uncaria gambier (Hunt.) Roxb. (Catechu, British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1963), Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich. (uragoga ipecacuanha, Brazilian ipecacuanha), or Cephaelis acuminata Karsten (Cartagena ipecacuanha) (Ipecacuanha, British Pharmacopeia, 1963), Cinchona calisaya (yellow... 

All the material world is formed of mixtures, aggregates or more complex combinations of pure substances. For example, it is well known that the bark of the Cinchona tree Cinchona calisaya) shows a remarkable antimalarial activity, which is due, not to the bark as such, but to some "pure substance" which forms an integral part of it. In 1820, the French pharmacists Pelletier and Caventou isolated the active principle of the Cinchona bark, which they called quinine, as a pure, crystalline substance, m.p. 177 °C (dec), -169°, and assigned an elemental... 

Cinchona calisaya WBD.DEL Yellow Cinchona bark Riibiaceac USP XI... 

Cinchona succirubra Cinchona calisaya Corynanthe pachyceras... 

Cinchona plants yielded a crucial phytochemical resource to nineteenth century European people involved in trade and colonization of tropical lands - quinine [52], Before quinine, malaria was a major health issue in the new world, lowering quality of life by causing severe discomfort and even death. Quinine is an alkaloid present in the bark of several Cinchona species known as quina quina by native populations. It is most concentrated in Cinchona calisaya however, the most widely known quina quina plant became Cinchona officinalis officinalis means medical herb ). Besides quinine, Cinchona plants produce other antimalarial alkaloids, namely, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine. Cinchona alkaloids can be found in other Rubiaceae genera as well, as described for Remijia peruviana [53], Cinchona alkaloids have other bioactivities besides antimalarial. Quinine has been used to treat cramps [54]. Cinchonine is an inhibitor of MDR [55]. MDR is a detoxification mechanism present in certain cancer cell lines that renders them less sensitive to chemotherapeutic medications. Administration of cinchonine along with chemotherapeutic agents would result in better efficiency of treatment oti MDR cancer cells. 

Source Red cinchona. Cinchona officinalis L., C.pubescensM. Vahl. (syn. C. succimbra Pavon ex Klotzsch) and its hybrids Yellow cinchona. Cinchona calisaya Weddell, C. ledgeriana Moens ex Tritnen, and their hybrids with other Cinchona species (Family Rubiaceae). 

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