Central nervous system stimulants HYDROCHLORIDE

Adderall XR (package insert). Wayne, PA, Shire US Inc, 2004 Angrist B, d Hollosy M, Sanfilipo M, et al Central nervous system stimulants as symptomatic treatments for AIDS-related neuropsychiatric impairment. J Clin Psychophamiacol 12 268—272, 1992 Arnold LE, Lindsay RL, Connors CK, et al A douhle-hlind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. I Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14 542—554, 2004 Belle DJ, Ernest CS, Sauer JM, et al Effect of potent CYP2D6 inhibition by paroxetine on atomoxetine pharmacokinetics. I Clin Pharmacol 42 1219-1227, 2002... 

METHAMPHETAMINE (CRYSTAL) An amine derivative of amphetamine, used in the form of its crystalline hydrochloride as a central nervous system stimulant. It is often illicitly produced in secret labs. 

Central Nervous System Stimulants Central nervous system stimulants include agents such as the amphetamines (Dexedrine) and methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin), used to elevate mood, suppress appetite, and control hyperkinetic disorders in children. Other examples include the illegal drugs methamphet-amine and cocaine. The mechanism of action of these drugs is to augment actions of the adrenergic nervous system. 

Prolintane, an amfetamine-related substance, is a central nervous system stimulant with similar structure and properties to dexamfetamine. Prolintane hydrochloride is available mainly in many formulations with multivitamin supplements in many European countries, Australia, and South Africa. 

Certain tricyclic compounds are found to be powerful stimulants, or antidepressants, to the central nervous system. Depressed individuals may respond with an elevation of mood, increased physical activity, mental alertness, and an improved appetite. Imipramine and amitriptyline hydrochlorides are good examples. 

Procaine hydrochloride was first synthesized by Einhorn in 1905 as a substitute for cocaine, the first local anesthetic. Cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant, Erythroxylon coca, is highly addictive and toxic. Procaine hydrochloride replaced cocaine as a local anesthetic because it is much less toxic, cheaper and easier to produce, and it is easier to sterilize. In contrast to cocaine, it is not addictive because it is less stimulating to the central nervous system. 

Panfuran hydrochloride stimulates the central nervous system without causing paralysis. If excessive doses are administered, it causes anxiety, convulsions and stiffness shortly before death in frogs. Small dosages increase the blood pressure of rabbits, finally depression of blood pressure occurs however, panfuran haemolyses the red cells of rabbits in vitro and completely inhibits the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in vitro. Guanofuracin hydrochloride contracts blood vessels, and therefore temporarily raises the blood pressure. 

Lidocaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic/vasopressor preparation. Lidocaine stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Epinephrine stimulates both alpha and beta receptors within sympathetic nervous system relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi and iris and is an antagonist of histamine. They are indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection, by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostals, and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. 

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