Central nervous system sarin

Nerve Agent Substances that interfere with the central nervous system. Organic esters of phosphoric acid used as a chemical warfare agent because of their extreme toxicity (tabun-GA, sarin-GB, soman-GD, GF, and VX). All are potent inhibitors of the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for the degradation of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine in neuronal synapses or myoneural junctions. Nerve agents are readily absorbed by inhalation and/or through intact skin. 

Sarin Pure sarin is a colorless, odorless, volatile, and highly lethal compound. It inhibits the enzyme action of cholinesterase, causing the production of excessive amounts of acetylcholine, which in turn affects the central nervous system. 

In addition to battlefield trauma, there is also the risk of exposure to chemical weapons such as the nerve agents, notably the organophosphorus gases (soman, sarin, VX, tabun) [6]. Organophosphorus toxicity arises largely from their ability to irreversibly inhibit acetyl-cholinesterases, leading to effects associated with peripheral acetyl-choline accumulation (muscarinic syndrome) such as meiosis, profuse sweating, bradychardia, bronchioconstriction, hypotension, and diarrhoea. Central nervous system effects include anxiety, restlessness, confusion, ataxia, tremors. 

Khan, W.A., Dechkovskaia, A.M., Herrick, E.A., Jones, K.H., Abou-Donia, M.B. (2000). Acute sarin exposure causes differential regulation of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system of the rat. Toxicol. Sci. 57 112-20. 

Damodaran, T.V., Mecklai, A.A., Abou-Donia, M.B. (2002a). Sarin causes altered time course of mRNA expression of alpha tubulin in the central nervous system of rats. Neurochem. Res. 27 177-81. 

Damodaran T.V., Jones, K.H., Patel, A.G., Ahou-Donia, M.B. (2003). Sarin (nerve agent GB)-induced differential expression of mRNA coding for the acetylcholinesterase gene in rat central nervous system. Biochem. Pharmacol. 65 2041-7. 

Nerve (e.g., sarin) Unknownd Central nervous system, Atropine, oxime,... 

In a series of studies (Rubin and Goldberg, 1957a,b,1958, Rubin etal., 1957), Rubin and associates investigated the effects of sarin on night vision. Inhalation of sarin (in a chamber) with full eye protection caused an elevation of the scotopic threshold (decreased ability to perceive light in darkness) even though miosis was not present. Local instillation of sarin into an eye caused miosis, but not an increase in the scotopic threshold. When one eye was completely protected (miosis did not occur) and the other exposed to sarin vapor which the subject inhaled, the protected eye did not become miotic but there was an increased threshold in both eyes. Finally, after sarin exposure intramuscular administration of atropine sulfate (which enters the central nervous system)... 

Sarin was given intravenously to counteract the effects of intoxication by a cholinergic blocking compound in two subjects (Ketchum et al. 1973). It caused total inhibition of erythrocyte cholinesterase activity in one subject and reversed both the central nervous system and more... 

Korsak RJ, Sato MM Effects of chronic organophosphate pesticide exposure on the central nervous system. Clinical Toxicology 11 83-95, 1977 Murata K, Araki S, Yokoyama K, et al Asymptomatic sequelae to acute sarin poisoning in the central and autonomic nervous system 6 months after the Tokyo subway attack. J Neurol 244 601-606, 1997... 

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