Sarin, 8-535 causes

Damodaran, T.V., Mecklai, A.A., Abou-Donia, M.B. (2002a). Sarin causes altered time course of mRNA expression of alpha tubulin in the central nervous system of rats. Neurochem. Res. 27 177-81. 

Acnte neurotoxic investigation using per-fnsed canine brain indicated that 400 pg of sarin caused seizure in 5.6 minntes after... 

Concerns about the possible use of chemical agents in acts of terrorism have increased in the decade since the nerve agent Sarin caused a mass casualty incident in the Tokyo subway system. Chemical warfare poisons include nerve agents, vesicants, cyanides, riot control agents, and pulmonary irritants. Presenting symptoms as well as the clinical circumstances may help identify the agent and lead to effeotive treatment as well as proper decontamination. 

In another study involving malathion-poisoned human subjects, significant levels of malathion residue of 503-702 mg/L were seen, and this was associated with significant enhancements of IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-a levels in blood, whereas no significant changes in immunoglobulin levels were seen. This study thus showed altered levels of cytokines in the blood of mal-athione-exposed subjects (Seth et al., 2008). Kassa et al. (2001) showed that rats exposed once or repeatedly to three various low concentrations (0.8,1.25 and 2.5 pg/L) of sarin for 60 min in an inhalation chamber induced immunotoxicity. Nonconvulsive concentrations of sarin caused subtle suppression of spontaneous, as well as lipopolysaccharides-stimulated proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages. 

Moreover organophosphoric acid esters have found application as insecticides (e.g. Parathion). Some derivatives are highly toxic to man (e.g. Sarin, Soman). The organophosphonates act as inhibitors of the enzyme cholinesterase by phosphorylating it. This enzyme is involved in the proper function of the parasympathetic nervous system. A concentration of 5 x 10 g/L in the air can already cause strong toxic effects to man. 

The carbamate and OP insecticides and the organophosphorous nerve gases soman, sarin, and tabun all act as anticholinesterases, and most of their toxicity is attributed to this property. The naturally occurring carbamate physostigmine, which has been used in medicine, is also an anticholinesterase. Some OP compounds can cause relatively long-lasting inhibition of the enzyme because of the phenomenon of... 

Most chemical agents are essentially cumulative in their effects. The reason is that the human body detoxifies them very slowly or not at all. For example, a 1-h exposure to HD or CG followed within a few hours by another 1-h exposure has about the same effect as a single 2-h exposure. Continued exposure to low concentrations of HD may cause sensitivity to very low concentrations of HD. Other chemical agents also have cumulative effects. For example, an initial exposure to a small (less than lethal) amount of Sarin (GB) would decrease cholinesterase levels a second quantity less than the FDS0... 

Nerve agent Chemical agent inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested that causes interference with the neural synapses and overstimulation of the nervous system, which in turn leads to overreactivity in the muscles and malfunctioning of various organs. The primary agents are tabun, sarin, soman, and VX. 

While nerve agents vary in molecular structure, they all exert the same physiological effect on the body an increase in acetylcholine throughout the body caused by interference with a vital enzyme known as cholinesterase. The four primary nerve agents are tabun, sarin, soman, and VX. 

Sarin Pure sarin is a colorless, odorless, volatile, and highly lethal compound. It inhibits the enzyme action of cholinesterase, causing the production of excessive amounts of acetylcholine, which in turn affects the central nervous system. 

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