Central nervous system . drug delivery

Cell-Mediated Central Nervous System Drug Delivery.602... 

Bruke, M. Langer, R. Brem. H. Central Nervous System—Drug Delivery to Treat. In Encyclopaedia of Controlled Drug Delivery, Mathowitz E.. Ed. John Wiley and Sons New York. 1999 Vol. 1, 184-212. 

Another very important site for drug delivery is the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier presents a formidable barrier to the effective delivery of most agents to the brain. Interesting work is now advancing in such areas as direct convective delivery of macromolecules (and presumably in the future macromolecular drug carriers) to the spinal cord [238] and even to peripheral nerves [239]. For the interested reader, the delivery of therapeutic molecules into the CNS has also been recently comprehensively reviewed... 

S. Mathison, R. Nagilla, and U. B. Kompella. Nasal route for direct delivery of solutes to the central nervous system Fact or fiction J Drug Target 5 415—441 (1998). 

L. Prokain, Peptide Drug Delivery into the Central Nervous Systems , Prog. Drug Res. 1998, 51, 95-131. 

As an alternative to targeting brain tumours which express the TfR, the transferrin approach can be used for the delivery of fusion proteins which bind to pharmacological receptors inside the central nervous system. An example of this is the construct consisting of nerve growth factor (NGF) and transferrin described in Section 11.8.2.3. The transferrin moiety in this type of construct will enable it to enter the brain, upon which the drug moiety will act by binding to its receptor. This approach seems especially suitable for compounds that cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, such as peptides and other hydrophilic substances. 

The nasal route of drug delivery is used for the direct administration of medicines to the nose for treatment of local conditions or the systemic delivery of compounds that are not easily delivered by the oral route. It is also suggested that there may be a direct route for drug absorption to the central nervous system (CNS) from the olfactory region of the nose. 

Somogyi, G., P. Buchwald, and N. Bodor. 2002. Targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system via phosphonate derivatives (anionic delivery system for testosterone). Pharmazie 57 135. 

The delivery of macromolecules into the central nervous system (CNS) via the blood stream is seriously limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Noninvasive, transient, and local image-guided blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) can be accomplished using focused ultrasound exposure with intravascular injection of pre-formed microbubbles. A detailed description of the method for MRI-guided focal BBBD in animals will be described in this chapter. The method may open a new era in CNS macromolecular drug delivery. 

Mass spectrometric detection has also been directly interfaced with microchip separations for drug detection. These studies, detecting imipramine and desipramine in fortified human plasma, show analysis of spiked analytes in clinical sample matrices for drug detection [3]. These widely used tricyclic antidepressants inhibit the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system. Unfortunately, the 5-mg/mL detection limit found for these antidepressants with this method is not low enough to detect typical clinical levels of the drugs. Combinatorial library characterization and preclinical drug delivery studies should benefit, however, since the concentra-... 

Nose Option for Delivery of Drugs to Central Nervous System... 

OPTION FOR DELIVERY OF DRUGS TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 631... 

Graff, C. L., and Pollack, G. M. (2005), Nasal drug administration Potential for targeted central nervous system delivery, /. Pharm. Sci., 94,1187-1195. 

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