Central nervous system disorders dementia

Alzheimer s disease in which the pathogenicity of amyloid peptides depends on proteases, namely secretases, involved in amyloid precursor protein (APP) maturation. This chapter will describe how the proteolysis of chemokines might participate in the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection, thus contributing to the development of the central nervous system disorder termed HIV-associated dementia (HAD). 

The therapeutic uses of choline depend on its physiological functions. Bccau.se it is involved in the formation of plasma phospholipids, it is used as a lipotropic agent to alleviate fatty infiltration of the liver, cirrhosis. It has been u.sed. in large doses, in certain central nervous system disorders (e.g., tardive dyskinesia, presenile dementia) bccau.se it is a precursor of acetylcholine. Choline also serves as a methyl donor in some reactions after it is converted to betaine. 

There is some evidence that the availability of choline may be limiting for the synthesis of acetylcholine in the central nervous system under some conditions, and supplements of phosphatidylcholine increase the rate of acetylcholine turnover. One systematic review concludes that phosphatidylcholine supplements result in some improvement in cognitive function in patients with dementia, especially when this is secondary to cerebrovascular disorder (Fioravanti and Yanagi, 2000), but another concludes that there is no evidence to support its use in the treatment of dementia (Higgins and Flicker, 2000). Although phosphatidylcholine has been used to treat tardive dyskinesia... 

Since the identification of its pathogenic features by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, over 90,000 papers have been published on Alzheimer s disease (AD) to date (2.5 million references to cancer since 1818 1.6 million references to cardiovascular disorders since 1927 1.01 million to central nervous system (CNS) disorders since 1893) [1], The number of people affected by dementia is becoming a public and socioeconomic concern in many countries all over the world,... 

Certain inherited diseases are associated with abnormal trace metal metabolism, and this may be linked to MT synthesis, either directly or indirectly. Zinc, copper, and iron are the target elements in several diseases, and their concentrations may be altered in disorders of the central nervous system or other physiological systems, including Alzheimer-type dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, acrodermatitis enteropathica, biliary cirrhosis, Wilson s and Menke s diseases (Bremner 1987), epi-... 

NO may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders and other forms of neurotoxicity. NO is an important mediator in central nervous system oxygen toxicity, since inhibitors of NOS protect mice against this toxicity (Oury et al., 1992). NO may play a role in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia, as the neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coat protein, glycoprotein 120 (Lipton, 1992), is due, in part, to activation of NOS (V. 

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