Cellulose wool

Macromolecules are found in nature. Cellulose, wool, starch, and DNA are but a few of the macromolecules that occur naturally. Carbons ability to form these large, complex molecules is necessary to provide the diversity of compounds needed to make up a tree or a human being. But many of the useful macromolecules that we use every day are created in the lab and industrial complex by chemists. Nylon, rayon, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride are all synthetic macromolecules. They differ by which repeating units (monomers) are joined together in the polymerization process. Our society has grown to depend on these plastics, these synthetic fabrics. The complexity of carbon compounds is reflected in the complexity of our modern society. 

Mechanism of Dyeing. Wool has a polymeric structure based on amino acids. It is dyed either in its neutral or in its nel positively charged form. As with cellulose, wool, heing a hydrophilic liher. is dyed with water-soluble dyes that contain sulfonic acid groups to impart solubility. 

Chemists have synthesised many organic compounds mostly from water, air, coal and petroleum. These compounds have high molecular weight. Chemists have made synthetic rubber, leather, plastics and textiles. However, they have not yet succeeded in synthesizing the most complex compounds like cellulose, wool and silk and some specific proteins. 

Because of its pronounced interfacial activity, HOSTAPUR CX Hi. Conc. can be employed very successfully in the dyeing and finishing of textiles of natural and regenerated cellulose, wool, or synthetic fibers. 

Another application in macromolecular chemistry is radiation-induced graft polymerization, by which favourable properties of two polymers can be combined. In this process, copolymers of A and B are produced by irradiation of the polymer A in the presence of the monomer B. Examples are graft polymers of polyethylene and acrylic acid or of polyvinyl chloride and styrene. The properties of textiles (cellulose, wool, natural silk, polyamides, polyesters) can also be modified by graft polymerization, for example for the production of weatherproof products. 

Cerium(lV) compounds with suitable reducing agents, readily initiate the redox polymerization of, for example, vinyl monomers [22]. This property is used to initiate graft polymerization of vinyl monomers onto cellulose, wool, starch, cotton, etc. in order to, e.g. improve mechanical strength, resist moisture penetration and reduce micro-organism attack. 

Cellulose, wool, nylon or polyester residues in blends with acrylic fibres The fibre sample is treated at 90-100 °C for 1 h in dimethylformamide, preferably in a boiling water bath. The fibre residue is then extracted with fresh dimethylformamide for 30 min in the boiling water bath. It is then washed with 1-2 1 of hot distilled water and dried. 

Diacetate fibres can be dissolved out by two treatments with acetone and triacetate fibres by three treatments with dichloromethane, in each case for 10 min at room temperature. In this way they can be separated from cellulose, wool, silk, polyester or acrylic fibres, which then remain as a residue. 

Since cellulosic fibres are sensitive to acids they can be easily damaged by the acid catalysts used in easy-care, silicone, fluorocarbon and flame-retardant finishes as well as by drops of concentrated acid or faulty dyeing of cellulose/wool blends. 

It has long been perceived that chromatography of enantiomers upon a chiral stationary phase (CSP) might, in principle, result in separation of the enantiomers. Owing to the potential utility of such a resolution procedure, a great many workers have attempted to so effect resolutions. Most early attempts involve empirically chosen, readily accessible CSP s, starches, modified celluloses, wool) with varying... 

Intrawite . [Crompton Knowles] Fluorescent/optical brighteners for acrylic, nylon, cellulosics, wool, blends. 

Natural polymers unlike the S5mthetic ones do possess very complex structure. Natural polymers such as cellulose, wool, and natural rubber are used in many products in large proportions. Cellulose derivatives are one of the most versatile groups of regenerated materials with various fields of application. Cellulose is found in nature in all forms of plant life, particularly in wood and cotton. The purest form of cellulose is obtained from the seed hairs of the cotton plant that contains up to 95% cellulose. The first cellulose derivatives came to the stage around 1845 when the nitration of starch and paper led to discovery of cellulose nitrate. In 1865, for the first time, a moldable thermoplastic made of cellulose nitrate and castor oil. 

Pre-1800 natural polymers Including cellulose, wool, natural rubber, gutta percha, shellac clothing, jewellery, electrical insulation, waterproofing, coatings... 

Polymers are large molecules composed of two to several thousand simple molecules as repeating units, called monomers. Monomers are converted into the polymer through special reactions known as polymerisation. Hence the polymer is the pure material. Almost all synthetic polymers are synthesised from petroleum, although there are natural polymers as well, for example, cellulose, wool and so on. 

Smart options for simultaneous functionalization and pigment coloration of cellulosic/wool blends, 96,... 

Polymers can be obtained directly from living systems such as plants, animals, insects and microbes. Biopolymers like cellulose, wool, poly(hydroxyl butyrate) and natural rubber are examples of this class. 

Dr. Mark returned to Vienna in August 1922, in order to marry Maria (Mimi) Schramek, a catholic, and then accepted a position at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin-Dahlem, where Fritz Haber served as Director and R.D. Herzog as Codirector. Mark s team leader was Michael Polanyi and the principal project was the study of the molecular structure of cellulose, wool, and silk by the use of x-ray diffraction techniques in collaboration with R. Brill and K. Weininberg. 

Recently a method was reported for enhancing the radiation grafting of monomers to polymers by the simple addition of mineral acid to the grafting solution >Under some experimental conditions organic acids act in the same manner >. Extensive work on this acid effect has been published for the radiation copolymerisation of styrene to cellulose wool, the polyolefins >PVC and polyesters. The acid effect has also been extended to the grafting of monomers other then... 

Cellulose, wool, natural mbber and synthetic mbber, and plastics are well-known examples of natural and synthetic types. Natural and synthetic polymers play a massive role in everyday life, and a life without polymers really does not exist. 

Use Level 1-3% owg (wool fiber protection, dyeing) 2-4% owg (wool fiber protection, stripping) 2-3% owg (protection against dyestuff reduction, wool or cellulo-sics) 1-3% owg (protection against dyestuff reduction, cellulosic/wool blends) Sylfol DFA [Arizona]... 

Uses Emulsifier for prep, of o/w emulsion printing thickeners for printing reactive dyes on cellulose, wool, silk, and disperse dyes on syn. fabrics Properties Flakes Matexil WNPB [Croda Inc]... 

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