Cellulose NaOH

Production of alkali cellulose Cellulose+ NaOH Alkali cellulose... 

Cellulose + NaOH —> Na-cellulose (alkali cellulose) Na-cellulose + C2H5CI —> Ethyl cellulose + NaCl... 

Jiang ZW, Fang Y, Xiang JF, Ma YP, Lu A, Kang FIL, Huang Y, Guo HX, Liu RG, Zhang LN (2014) Intermolecular interactions and 3D structure in cellulose-NaOH-urea aqueous system. J Phys Chem B 118 10250-10257... 

Gavillon R, Budtova T (2008) Aerocellulose new highly porous cellulose prepared from cellulose-NaOH aqueous solutions. Biomacromolecules 9 269-277... 

Sescousse R, Smacchia A, Budtova T (2010) Influence of lignin on cellulose-NaOH-water mixtures properties and on aerocellulose morphology. Cellulose 17 1137-1146... 

Sescousse R, Gavillon R, Budtova T (2011) Aerocellulose from cellulose-ionic liquid solutions preparation, properties and comparison with cellulose-NaOH and cellulose-NMMO routes. Carbohydr Polym 83 1766-1774... 

Cellulose dissolves in strong mineral acids, in NaOH and in cuprammonium solution. It forms a triacetate (tri-ethanoate), a trinitrate... 

An important chemical finishing process for cotton fabrics is that of mercerization, which improves strength, luster, and dye receptivity. Mercerization iavolves brief exposure of the fabric under tension to concentrated (20—25 wt %) NaOH solution (14). In this treatment, the cotton fibers become more circular ia cross-section and smoother ia surface appearance, which iacreases their luster. At the molecular level, mercerization causes a decrease ia the degree of crystallinity and a transformation of the cellulose crystal form. These fine stmctural changes iacrease the moisture and dye absorption properties of the fiber. Biopolishing is a relatively new treatment of cotton fabrics, involving ceUulase enzymes, to produce special surface effects (15). 

In one process to produce highly activated cellulose for acetylation, cellulose is treated with NaOH (mercerization) followed by a hydroxyalkylating agent, eg, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, to give a cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether with a DS of 0.05—0.3 (76). The resulting water-insoluble material is highly reactive to conventional acetic anhydride—sulfuric acid acetylation. 

Manufacture. Common to all manufacturing processes for CMC is the reaction of sodium chloroacetate [3926-62-3] with alkaU cellulose complex represented here as OH NaOH ... 

Cellex D and other anionic celluloses are washed with 0.25M NaCl/0.25M NaOH solution, then twice with deionised water. This is followed with 0.25M NaCl and then washed with water until chloride-free. The Cellex is then equilibrated with the desired buffer as above. 

Of somewhat greater technical interest are the addition compounds and the cellulose esters and ethers. Of the apparent addition compounds the most important is alkali cellulose produced by steeping cellulose in caustic soda and considered to be of general form (CgHioOs), (NaOH) ) rather than a sodium alcoholate compound. Alkali cellulose is a particularly important starting point in the manufacture of cellulose ethers. The ability of aqueous cuprammonium hydroxide solutions to dissolve cellulose appears to be dependent on addition compound formation. 

Consid - the Kraft pulping process shown in Fig. 8.8 (Dunn and El-Halwa, 1993). The first step in the process is digestion in which wood chips, containing primarily lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, are cooked" in white liquor (NaOH, Na2S, Na2C03 and... 

Nonionic hydrophilic Polyethylene glycol Soluble starch, methyl cellulose, pullulan Dextran Above samples plus hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide Distilled water 0.01 N NaOH DMSO Buffer or salt solution (e.g., 0.1— 0.5 M NaNO,)... 

The GBR resin works well for nonionic and certain ionic polymers such as various native and derivatized starches, including sodium carboxymethylcel-lulose, methylcellulose, dextrans, carrageenans, hydroxypropyl methylcellu-lose, cellulose sulfate, and pullulans. GBR columns can be used in virtually any solvent or mixture of solvents from hexane to 1 M NaOH as long as they are miscible. Using sulfonated PDVB gels, mixtures of methanol and 0.1 M Na acetate will run many polar ionic-type polymers such as poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acids, and poly aniline/ polystyrene sulfonic acid. Sulfonated columns can also be used with water glacial acetic acid mixtures, typically 90/10 (v/v). Polyacrylic acids run well on sulfonated gels in 0.2 M NaAc, pH 7.75. 

These derivatives, used for 5 -phosphate protection, are prepared by using the DCC coupling protocol and are cleaved with 2 N NaOH at The protected phosphates can be purified using benzoylated DEAE-Cellulose. 

Nitrogen Peroxide Oxycellulose was obtained by Eastman Kodak Co (Ref 3) by the action of N02 gas (0 6 to 0.9p) on cellulose at 20°, or below, for 50 hours. It is claimed that oxidation of the terminal carbon took place. This oxycellulose is sol in 2% NaOH... 

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