Cellulose chlorine

Use Plasticizer for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, chlorinated rubber, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, and other polymers. 

Figure 5 Apparent viscosity of crystalline cellulose/chlorine insulator oil against the water content measured at 30 C. The particle weight fraction is 10 wt% and the electric field 1000 V. Replotted from the data of H. Uejima, Jpn.J. Appl. Phys. 11 (1972)319.

Figure 26 I he dielectric constant of crystallized cellulose/chlorinated insulator oil against the adsorbed water content on the particle surface. The particle concentration is 10 wt%, the electric field frequency is 1000 Hz, and the temperature is 20 C. Redrawn from H. Uejima, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 11(1972)319.

Figure 45 The relative viscosity, the apparent viscosity at 1000 V devided by the viscosity at zero electric field, vs. the particle volume fraction of crystalline cellulose/chlorine suspension obtained at different shear rales. The adsorbed water content is 8.3 wt%. Redrawn from H. Uejima, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11(1972 )319.

Thermoplastic ithsr-ms- plas-tik n (1883) A resin or plastic compound that, as a finished material, is capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling. Examples of thermoplastics are acetal, acrylic, cellulosic, chlorinated polyether, fluorocarbons, polyamides (nylons), polycarbonate, polyethylene. 

Paraloid B72 is an ethyl methacrylate (EMA) copolymer, Tg 40°C, 50% nvc in toluene. It has low reactivity with sensitive phosphorescent and luminescent pigments, and produces stable, durable non-yellowing coatings. It is compatible with vinyls, cellulosics, chlorinated rubbers and silicones, and is used in clear, metallic and solid colour formulations. 

Uses Plasticizer for cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, chlorinated rubber, cellulosic coatings, PVAc, PVB, PVC, PVP, PVdC, poly(acrylate/methacrylate) defoamer in proteinaceous sol ns. improves It. stability in cellulose acetate solvent for household, l l cleaners solvent, film-former, plasticizer in inks, adhesives, coatings food-pkg. adhesives lubricant Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 175.105 kosher... 

CH2CI2. A colourless liquid with a chloroform-like odour b.p. 4I°C. Prepared by heating chloroform with zinc, alcohol and hydrochloric acid manufactured by the direct chlorination of methane. Decomposed by water at 200°C to give methanoic and hydrochloric acids. Largely used as a solvent for polar and non-polar substances, particularly for paint removal (30%), dissolving cellulose acetate and degreasing (10%). It is more stable than carbon tetrachloride or chloroform especially towards moisture or alkali. It is somewhat toxic. U.S. production 1981 280000 tonnes. 

Amine-containing cellulose esters, eg, the acetate A/A/-diethylaminoacetate (36) and propionate morpholinobutyrate (35), are of interest because of their unique solubiHty in dilute acid. Such esters are prepared by the addition of the appropriate amine to the cellulose acrylate crotonate esters or by replacement of the chlorine on cellulose acrylate chloroacetate esters with amines. This type of ester has been suggested for use in controlled release, mmen-protected feed supplements for mminants (36,37). 

Citric acid esters are used as plasticizers ia plastics such as poly(viayl chloride), poly(vinhdene chloride), poly(viQyl acetate), poly(viQyl butyral), polypropylene, chlorinated rubber, ethylceUulose, and cellulose nitrate. Most citrate esters are nontoxic and are acceptable by the FDA for use in food-contact packaging and for flavor in certain foods. As a plasticizer, citrate esters provide good heat and light stabiUty and excellent flexibiUty at low temperatures. Triethyl citrate, tri- -butyl citrate, isopropyl citrate, and stearyl citrate are considered GRAS for use as food ingredients (224—228). 

Rejection Rejection is defined in Background and Definitions. The highest-rejection membranes are those designed for single-pass production of potable water from the sea. The generally accepted criterion is 99.4 percent rejection of NaCl. Some membranes, notably cellulose triacetate fibers are rated even higher. A whole range of membranes is available as rejection requirements ease, and membranes with excellent chlorine resistance and hydrolytic stability can be made with salt rejection over 90 percent. 

Cellulose acetate butyrate is not affected by dilute acids and alkalies or gasoline, but chlorinated solvents cause some swelhng. Nylons resist many organic solvents but are attacked by phenols, strong oxidizing agents, and mineral acids. 

Two common types of membrane materials used are cellulose acetate and aromatic polyamide membranes. Cellulose acetate membrane performance is particularly susceptible to annealing temperature, with lower flux and higher rejection rates at higher temperatures. Such membranes are prone to hydrolysis at extreme pH, are subject to compaction at operating pressures, and are sensitive to free chlorine above 1.0 ppm. These membranes generally have a useful life of 2 to 3 years. Aromatic polyamide membranes are prone to compaction. These fibers are more resistant to hydrolysis than are cellulose acetate membranes. 

R/0 unit Reverse Osmosis Unit for water purification in small aquariums and miniature yard-ponds, utilizes a membrane under pressure to filter dissolved solids and pollutants from the water. Two different filter membranes can be used the CTA (cellulose triacetate) membrane is less expensive, but only works with chlorinated water and removes 50-70% of nitrates, and the TFC membrane, which is more expensive, removes 95% of nitrates, but is ruined by chlorine. R/0 wastes water and a system that cleans 100 gallons a day will cost ft-om 400 to 600 with membrane replacement adding to the cost. A unit that handles 140 gallons a day will cost above 700,00. 

It is known that not all reactions proceed in the same manner on all adsorbent layers because the material in the layer may promote or retard the reaction. Thus, Ganshirt [209] was able to show that caffeine and codeine phosphate could be detected on aluminium oxide by chlorination and treatment with benzidine, but that there was no reaction with the same reagent on silica gel. Again the detection of amino acids and peptides by ninhydrin is more sensitive on pure cellulose than it is on layers containing fluorescence indicators [210]. The NBP reagent (. v.) cannot be employed on Nano-Sil-Ci8-100-UV2S4 plates because the whole of the plate background becomes colored. 

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