Cellular trafficking

In addition to the role of chemokines/chemokine receptors in viral infection, transmission, and pathogenesis, chemokines also play important roles in cellular trafficking and survival pathways. The role of chemokines and their receptors are of particular importance in the development of neurologic complications of AIDS, involving mechanisms discussed in the following sections. 

Eide, D.J. (2006) Zinc transporters and the cellular trafficking of zinc, Biophys. Biochim. Acta, 1763, 711-722. 

Key Words Adrenergic receptors cellular localization or receptors cellular trafficking of receptors receptor subtypes signaling from intracellular receptor complexes. 

In this review, we consider the regulation of cellular localization and trafficking of the family of ARs. Because cellular trafficking appears to be inexorably linked to the activation of novel signaling pathways and the formation of signaling packages within the cell, we also include a discussion of these processes. 

Our understanding ofthe cellular trafficking properties ofthe arAR subtypes is not nearly as refined as for the (3-ARs. We also do not know if these receptors... 

Similar to the oq-ARs, our knowledge of the cellular trafficking properties of the oq-AR family is not as nearly refined as that for the P-ARs. Three oq-ARs (oqA, oqB, and oqc) have been isolated, cloned, and characterized. An overview of the nature of the oq-AR subtypes, their localization, and their cellular trafficking properties has been published (58). Reminiscent of the oq-ARs, subtypes of the oq-ARs are differentially localized within the cell. Indeed, results from studies conducted with polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells showed that the oq-ARs are selectively expressed on the basolateral surface (exposed to the blood) as opposed to the apical aspect (exposed to urine) of these renal cells (59,60). In investigating the mechanism forthis differential localization, Wozniak and Limbird (60) noted that oqA-AR is inserted directly and selectively into the basolateral membrane. The targeting of this receptor to the basolateral aspect is determined by a sequence as yet poorly defined near the lipid—oqA- AR interface ... 

Like the oq-ARs, the oq-AR family has unique localization and cellular trafficking properties. Both receptor families have a subtype that is localized to intracellular compartments. Whether this intracellular localization has functional consequences or is an artifact of the methods used to localize these receptors is not known. Unknown also is whether the oq-AR participates in the activation of non-G protein-dependent signaling pathways. However, we do know that acti-... 

In addition, TNFs also have a number of other effects including (1) apoptosis, (2) adhesion and cellular trafficking, (3) angiogenesis, (4) myocyte proliferation, (5) fibrosis, (6) phagocytosis, (7) cytokine production and/or cellular activation, (8) leukocyte/macrophages function, (9) inflammation, and (10) tumor control. 

Lin, Y. Irani, N.G. Grotewold, E. Sub-cellular trafficking of phytochemicals using auto-fluores-cent compounds in maize cells. BMC Plant Biol. 2003, 3 (3), 10. 

Singh, B.R. 2006. Botulinum neurotoxin structure, engineering, and novel cellular trafficking and targeting. Neurotox. Res. 9. 13-91. 

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