Cellular regulatory pathways

The impact of NO complexation by metal ions is of a crucial meaning to biological systems. NO reacts with all transition metals to give metal nitrosyls. Proteins containing transition metals are particularly prone to react with NO, since its unpaired electrrMi can interact and bond with the d-orbitals of metal cofactors. These interactions are widely used by the nature and function in various cellular regulatory pathways. It is clear that the diversity of the NO-sensing proteins... 

Nakai, A., Morimoto, R.I. (1993). Characterization of a novel chicken heat shock transcription factor, heat shock factor 3, suggests a new regulatory pathway. Molecular Cellular Biology 13, 1983-1997. 

Initiation This is an irreversible change, which results from a simple mutation in one or more cellular genes controlling key regulatory pathways. 

A common mechanism for modulating the function of regulatory pathways is controlled expression of one or more of the pathway components. This could be especially useful for the RGS-RhoGEFs where such expression could determine the coordinated regulation of RhoA by G12/13 versus regulation of other downstream pathways by the G proteins. As noted previously and in the next section, potential selective functions of specific RhoGEFs may determine differential cellular behavior. 

The RFD document presents the sponsor s recommendation and rationale for how the combination product should be regulated. The FDA s decision about regulatory pathway rests on its evaluation of the primary mode of action, a judgment that focuses on the primary therapeutic process whereby the neo-organ activates the therapeutic outcome—usually a choice between scaffold and cellular or constitutive components. If a product is sufficiently related to a product already regulated by a particular center or one that has... 

Nearly every area of modem research in biology and biomedical science is targeted in one way or another on gaining quantitative understanding of the behavior of biochemical systems. Cellular metabolic pathways, genetic regulatory systems, and protein interaction networks represent different examples of biochemical systems that obey a common set of physicochemical laws, and may be analyzed and simulated based on a common set of principles derived from such laws. It is the purpose of this book to introduce and make use of the methods for the analysis and simulation of biochemical systems that lie at the foundation of current and future research in biological and biomedical science. 

Ras is the master controller of a central cellular signalling pathway, the MAP kinase-phosphorylation cascade. Ras accomplishes its regulatory role in a way that is different from the function of the other regulatory components of signalling networks discussed up to now. Ras is a GTPase. In the GTP-bound state its activity is switched on and in the GDP-bound state, switched off. 

Part 4 considers loss of regulatory control and its consequences with respect to the molecular basis of cancer. It first describes the cellular regulatory proteins that have oncogenic potential, how they can become oncogenic and cause the transformation of normal cells to cancerous cells. Next is an analysis of the loss of developmental controls, the APC protein, (3-catenin, and the Wnt pathway, that lead to mature terminally differentiated cells reverting to immature embryonic cells. The book ends with a summary of the molecular and cellular causes of cancer and an outlook for novel therapies. 

The biosynthetic pathways of microorganisms can be manipulated to produce certain molecules that are normally limited to very small amounts by cellular regulatory mechanisms. Industrial... 

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