Cell wall architecture

Xylans as true homopolymers occur in seaweeds of the Palmariales and Nemaliales, however, their backbone consists of Xylp residues linked by -(1 3) (Type X3, Fig. la) or mixed -(1 3, 1 -> 4)-glycosidic linkages (Type Xmy Fig. lb). They are assumed mainly to have a structural function in the cell-wall architecture, but a reserve function cannot be ruled out [4]. From the microfibrils of green algae (Siphonales) such as Caulerpa and Bryop-sis sp., X3 was isolated and the structure confirmed by methylation analysis, C-NMR spectroscopy [7], as well as by mass spectrometry of enzymically released linear oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of... 

Plant cell wall architecture the role of pectins... 

Since a few years, new activities have been discovered in relation with fruit cell wall architecture, like new pectinases [1] (i.e. rhamnogalacturonase for the apple) new glycosidases [2](i.e. apiosidase for the grape). The improvement of the knowledge of fruit composition, cell wall chemistry, enzymology of endogenous and exogenous enzymes allow to supply the juice producers with preparations more and more purified and specific, blended in optimal combinations. 

Indeed, these results are qualitatively similar to those depicted in Figs. 12 and 13, and it is therefore tempting to ascribe them to the presence, on the bacterial cell walk, of polyanionic environments surrounding the sites where lysozyme cleaves the polysaccharide network. However, the point is that, although several authors have concluded from various experimental observations that the cell walls of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus are predominantly negatively charged (Katerakky et al, 1953 Salton, 1964 Davies et al, 1969), the complexity of the bacterial cell wall architecture means that little is known about the... 

Most important are likely environmental factors associated with cultivation, crop management, and postharvest processes that can be controlled to some extent and on the other hand also have a large impact on the chemical composition, cell-wall architecture, or conversion processing behavior of plant biomass. These factors could form the basis of a testable strategy to decrease the variance associated with these characteristics. 

Cellulose Homopolysaccharides Hemicelluloses Heteropolysaccharides Crystallinity Cell wall architecture Molecular interactions Cellulose derivatives Cellulose esters Cellulose ethers... 

Cell wall architecture of elongating maize coleoptile. Plant Physiol, 127, 557-55. 

Vincken J-P, Schols HA, Oomen RJFJ et al (2003) If homogalacturonan were a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I. Implications for cell wall architecture. Plant Physiol 132 1781-1789... 

Wessels JGH (1990) Role of cell wall architecture in fungal tip growth generation. In Heath IB (ed) Tip growth in plant and fungal cells. Academic Press, New York, p 1... 

Martone, P.T., Estevez, J.M., Lu, F., Ruel, K., Denny, M.W., Somerville, C., Ralph, J. Discovery of lignin in seaweed reveals convergent evolution of cell-wall architecture. Curr. Biol. 19, 169-175 (2009)... 

Atalla R.H. Cellulose and the hemicellulose patterns for cell wall architecture and the assemble of lignin. In Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chem, Helsinki, vol. 1, pp. 77-84. 6-9 June 1995... 

Martone PT et al. (2009) Discovery of lignin in seaweed reveals convergent evolution of cell-wall architecture. Current biology. 19(2) 169-75. 

CSLC, CSLD, and CSLE. Rice appears to lack the CSLG and CSLB families and possess two additional families CSLF CSLH. Monocots and dicots do possess different cell wall architectures (Carpita and McCann 2000). Whether this classification of the CSLs truly represents a division between the monocots and dicots requires further study since biochemical functions have not yet been ascribed to the CSL proteins. Interestingly, the C5Ls form two separate clades when compared with the CESA genes from plants and other organisms. The... 

Emons A.-M.C., and Mulder B.M. 2000. How the deposition of cellulose microfibrils builds cell wall architecture. Trends Plant Sci 5 35 0. 

Emons A.M.C. and Mulder B.M. 1997. Plant cell wall architecture. Comments Theor Biol 4 115-131. 

Mulder B.M. and Emons A.M.C. 2001. A dynamical model for plant cell wall architecture formation. J Math Biol 42 261 289. 

Brett C, Waldron K (1996) Cell wall architecture and the skeletal role of the cell wall, hr Brett C, Waldron K (eds) Physiology and biochemistry of plant cell walls. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 4-57... 

Although cell wall compounds of algae and their chemical structures are mostly known to date, their interaction and spatial arrangement inside the cell wall architecture still remains challenging. 

Neural network analyses of infrared spectra for classifying cell wall architectures. Plant Physiol., 143 (3), 1314-1326. 

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