Cell survival pathways ancient

The ancient JAK/STAT/MAPK complex serves as a cell survival pathway , when temporarily activated the constitutively activated pathway transforms the cell to immortality, with the eventual demise of its host. However, small molecular inhibitors already exist (vide supra), that may reverse the oncogenic process the constitutively activated oncogene or its oncoprotein (including the overproduction of type I IFNs) may be de-activated (vide infra). 

The RNA/DNA-transformed cells regained the extraordinary vitality of ancient primordial unicellular organisms and readily mobilize all possible cell survival pathways . On occasions, the cancer cell fuses with a mesenchymal cell (the tumor-supportive subverted fibroblast or macrophage). These cell fusions were recently discussed in a Springer publication of authors/editors Dittmar Zanker [1541]. This author proposed that endogenous retroviruses that frequendy appear budding from maUgnandy transformed lymphoma, melanoma and adenocarcinoma cells, mediate these cell fusions [26, 27]. 

Comment. It was a response to physico-chemical inducers,that the ancient cells managed to survive by activating their cell survival pathways. Antiviral self-defense mechanisms were installed. In the end, the descendants of the single cells, and their viruses both remain in existence, forming the largest biomass on Earth. The primordial cell survival pathways remained conserved in the form of much more elaborate, and interrelated sequences In the stem and somatic cells of multicellular hosts. In addition to physico-chemical inducers, it is an armada of biological agents... 

The oncogenomes of multicellular hosts and the cell survival pathways of the first unicellular life forms, as viewed retrospectively, appear to be very similar, with the probable difference being that the ancient cell survival genes in contrast to the... 

It has become well known in the practice and science of clinical oncology that the tumor cell expropriates for its own use aU the physiological cellular growth factors (Table XXIX) Inserted transposons awaken to seek out and activate the oncoprotein-encoding genes, which are the descendants of the genes of the ancient cell survival pathways. With their appearance, tenacious and virulent behavior, and their driver fusion protein, the Phytophlhora infestans and the Trichomonas act in their multicellular host as if they were alien immortalized invaders (Tables XXVll and XXX Figure 56). 

Table XXVni/I A List of Ancient Cell Survival Pathway Genes Which Have Become Proto-Oncogenes Encoding Oncoproteins in Vertebrate Mammahan Hosts, in Particular Homo...

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