Cell death nonspecific

The compound for which the best biochemical evidence has been reported for sensitization of host plant response to pathogens, rather than direct or indirect fungitoxicity or nonspecific phytoalexin induction, is 2,2-d ich 1 oro-3,3-d ime thy lcyc 1 opropane carboxylic acid (108-110). Neither the compound nor any of its metabolites generated after treatment of rice plants are directly inhibitory to the rice blast fungus, Piricularia oryzae. Constitutive phytoalexin production was not induced in rice by the cyclopropane derivative. However, infection of plants treated with the compound results in rapid localized cell death, me lanization, and production of the phytoalexins, momilactones A and B. 

Necrosis a type of cell death or nonspecific tissue decay Neoplastic cancerous... 

An increase in free radicals or reactive oxygen species is encountered in various diseases or metabolic disorders. This may lead to changes in cell metabolism and/or enhanced nonspecific reactions, and even cell death. 

Allyl formate is cleaved by nonspecific esterases to allyl alcohol, which is then oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenases to the reactive acrolein, which is responsible for the hepatotoxic action. The toxicity of allyl alcohol via its metabolite acrolein is dependent on the concentration of glutathione (GSH). After depletion of GSH, the reactive metabolite of allyl alcohol can bind to essential sulfhydryl groups in the cellular macromolecules, leading to structural and functional modifications that can be responsible for hepatic injury. Appearance of lipid peroxidation signals events that follow toxication mechanisms initiated by acrolein, and subsequent and continued lipid peroxidation could be merely the consequence of cell death. 

Bishop, G.R., L. Jaso-Friedmann and D.L. Evans. Activation-induced programmed cell death of nonspecific cytotoxic cells and inhibition by apoptosis regulatory factors. Cell Immunol. 199 126-137, 2000. 

Meseguer, J., M.A. Esteban and V. Mulero. Nonspecific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the seawater teleosts Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax) ultrastructural study of target cell death mechanisms. Anat. Rec. 244 499 -505, 1996. 

Assessment of the viability of the cells was performed after 24 h of hypoxia by Trypan-blue exclusion or by immediate further incubation of the cells with [3H]-thymidine (3HT). According to the trypan-blue dye exclusion data, almost all control HSs were nonviable. Plain liposomes provided some protection from hypoxic injury, probably, by nonspecifically sticking to cell surfaces and fortuitously sealing some of the cell membrane breaches. IPs completely prevented cell death, with a cell viability similar to that of normoxic cells. Hypoxic cells treated with nonspecific IgG liposomes demonstrated viability at the level of PL-treated cells. 

Mitochondria and cell death Although oxidative phosphorylation is a mitochondrial process, most ATP utilization occurs outside of the mitochondrion. ATP synthesized from oxidative phosphorylation is actively transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space by adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT). Porins form voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC) through the outer mitochondrial membrane for the diffusion of H2O, ATP metabolites, and other ions. Under certain types of stress, ANT, VDAC, and other proteins form a nonspecific open channel known as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This pore is associated with events that lead rapidly to necrotic cell death. 

---