Cell culture growth dynamics

The multitude of PIBs produced during this process are composed of both types of input nucleocapsids. These progeny PIBs can be fed to caterpillars, initiating an infection of both virus types. The nature of the growth dynamics between the virus types can be followed in two ways. The PIBs themselves can be dissolved and their nucleocapsid components analyzed by DNA restriction enzyme digestion and subsequent filter hybridization analysis. This allows an assessment of the proportions of wild type to recombinant virus in the MC-PIB. Also, the free NOVs present in an infected caterpillar can be collected and analyzed by plaquing in cell culture. This provides an assessment of the frequency of wild type to recombinant virus free in the host. 

Some of the efforts, so far, to model such membrane bioreactors seem to not have considered the complications that may result from the presence of the biomass. Tharakan and Chau [5.101], for example, developed a model and carried out numerical simulations to describe a radial flow, hollow fiber membrane bioreactor, in which the biocatalyst consisted of a mammalian cell culture placed in the annular volume between the reactor cell and the hollow fibers. Their model utilizes the appropriate non-linear kinetics to describe the substrate consumption however, the flow patterns assumed for the model were based on those obtained with an empty reactor, and would probably be inappropriate, when the annular volume is substantially filled with microorganisms. A model to describe a hollow-fiber perfusion system utilizing mouse adrenal tumor cells as biocatalysts was developed by Cima et al [5.102]. In contrast, to the model of Tharakan and Chau [5.101], this model took into account the effect of the biomass, and the flow pattern distribution in the annular volume. These effects are of key importance for conditions encountered in long-term cell cultures, when the cell mass is very dense and small voids can completely distort the flow patterns. However, the model calculations of Cima et al. [5.102] did not take into account the dynamic evolution of the cell culture due to growth, and its influence on the permeate flow rate. Their model is appropriate for constant biocatalyst concentration. 

An original topic product based on an elderberry extract (550-660 mg% anthocyanins) and zinc salts included in collagen membrane or eollagen sponge was evaluate in vitro [50].. The new products show a good regenerating eapacity measured as growth dynamics of cells in cultures. 

Yin PM, Nishina N, Kosakai Y, Yahiro K, Park Y, Okabe M (1997) Enhanced production of (L)-LA from com starch in a culture Rhizopus oryzae using an air-Uft bioreactor. J Ferment Bioeng 84 249-253. doi 10.1016/S0922-338X(97)82063-6 Zacharof MP, Lovitt RW (2013) Modelling and simulation of cell growth dynamics, substrate... 

A simple way of culturing anchorage-dependent animal cells, and stem cells in particular, under dynamic conditions is provided by roller bottles systems (Kunitake et al., 1997 Mitaka, 2002). Cell culture in roller bottles consists of placing multiple cylindrical bottles (250-2000 mL) into an apparatus that will rotate the bottles at rotational speeds of 5-60 rph (ECACC/Sigma-Aldrich, 2010). The entire internal surface of the bottle is used for cell growth. With this system, the cells are more efficiently oxygenated due to alternative exposure to the medium and the gas phase. Apparatus are available to... 

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