Cause-consequence logic

Logic Diagram Methods (Fault Tree Analysis, Event Tree Analysis, Cause-Consequence Analysis, Human Reliability Analysis, Success and Failure Trees, etc,)... 

Three hazard evaluation procedures using logic diagrams are (1) fault-tree analysis (FTA), (2) event-tree analysis (ETA), and (3) cause-consequence analysis (CCA). Appropriate references are [2,3,251,261]. 

Cause-consequence analysis uses symbolic logic trees similar to fault trees. You start with an accident or failure scenario that challenges or adversely impacts the system and then develop a bottom-up analysis. Failure probabilities are calculated and incorporated into each step of the analysis, and thus quantify the tree. 

Cause consequence diagrams A method for illustrating the possible outcomes arising from the logical combination of selected input events or states. 

Cause-Consequence analysis - Development of logical structures ... 

Process risk is defined by the frequency of the occurrence and the potential consequence severity of the process hazard. To define the frequency, the initiating causes (e.g., single causes or multiple causes and conditions) are identified for each process hazard, and their frequency of occurrence is estimated. The consequence severity is the logical conclusion to the propagation of the process hazard if no protection layers are implemented as barriers to the event. 

In signal detection theory such mistakes are considered to be the logical consequence of the fact that the normal distribution of the sensation caused by the noise alone and that of the sensations caused by signal plus noise overlap to a considerable degree (see figure 1). 

The AVhy Tree provides a simple method for depicting the logical relationship between causes and effects of an incident.hs) The process starts hy displaying all direct losses and associated consequences in separate boxes. A drill down question that asks why challenges each box. Plausible explanations are entered into new boxes attached by straight lines to the subject or receptor box above. Ultimately, the page will fill up with several boxes attached by straight lines. 

Insomnia can have a serious impact on a person s quality of life. Acute insomnia can lead to daytime sleepiness and reduced ability to concentrate, remember things, use logical reasoning, and even impair your ability to drive a car. Chronic insomnia can have major health consequences, such as an increased susceptibility to depression and some forms of heart disease and a reduced ability to fight off colds or infections. There is also a tremendous cost to society caused by insomnia—billions of dollars are spent each year on treatment, healthcare services, and hospital costs. An equal cost can be attributed to lost productivity at work and property and personal damage from accidents caused by sleepy insomniacs. 

A third kind of logical relationship often expressed in sentence completion questions is the cause and effect relationship. In other words, the sentence states that one thing is a result of something else. Again, key words will point you in the right direction. Words such as thus, therefore, consequently, and because and phrases such as due to, as a result, and leads to signal cause and effect. Try making some cause and effect sentences to see how they work. 

We shall assume that the fall of the heats of chemisorption and the rise of the activation energies are caused by the surface potential effect (Secs. IX,4,6,9, and 13) and that these changes vary linearly with 0. If we now also assume that the dipoles of both sorts of chemisorbed atoms are directed in the same sense (hence either both are positive or negative), it is a logical consequence that the decrease in the heat of chemisorption of species 2 caused by the dipoles of species 1 is the same as the decrease that the dipoles of species 1 cause in the heat of chemisorption of their own species. And we shall, therefore, also assume that the activation energies of both species are influenced in the same way by the dipole layers of both species. Both activation energies and heats of chemisorption depend, therefore, on the sum of the degrees of occupation of both species (0 -f- 02). Consequently we can write... 

But it takes only a very little logical reasoning to disprove the validity of this correspondence between the "Philosophers Stone" and conscience. Can conscience produce gold from lead Can the conscience heal a disease And even if we take gold to mean Character, what really has conscience to do with the latter No one can rationally regard Conscience as a panacea for human ills. It rather is the indirect CAUSE of all ills, inasmuch as it is the phase of mind that recognizes evil—that fears and broods over evil--and consequently is back of all evil and adverse realization in human experience. 

Parson Woodforde concluded that a cat s tail was of the greatest efficacy for such a malady. While the good parson s reasoning was logical, his premise was incorrect. Testimonials often involve the fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc, that is, the assumption that because two events occur sequentially, the first is the cause of the second. (In tort law, causation must be proved.) The swelling of the eyelid may have abated of its own accord even in the absence of the tail of a black cat. Moreover, there is selection bias in testimonials a lack of consequence rarely results in a testimonial and dead men tell no tales. 

In interlocked compounds such as rotaxanes and catenanes, electron-donor and -acceptor units not only cause the presence of CT interactions, but are also responsible for the occurrence of intercomponent and intermolecular oxidation and reduction processes. Such processes weaken or even destroy the CT interactions that stabilize the structure of the compound, with a consequent change in its coconformation. External inputs, like electrons or photons, can be used to cause the redox processes and the structural rearrangements that follow. Suitably designed rotaxanes and catenanes can therefore exhibit machine-like movements that correspond to a binary logic behavior. 

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