Cathode Advanced Technology

As with the anode, a comparison of the structural specifications of the Advance Technology Cathode (ATC) in an MDC-55 cathode is shown in Table 13.3. Voltage... 

ATC is a trademark of ELTECH Systems Corporation for Advance Technology Cathode. 

ADCT includes increased active area. Advanced technology cathodes (ATC ), Energy saving anodes (ESAtM), Polyramix diaphragms, zero-gap operation, titanium base covers (Tibac ) and Telene ... 

Modern specifications for the cathodic protection of active oceangoing ships were first described in 1950 [4]. Since that time progress has been rapid. Considerable advances in cathodic protection technology have been made, better sacrificial anode materials have... 

The application of lithium batteries is very broad. It has been used in spacecraft, torpedoes, rockets, planes, cars, and other advanced technologies. In order to ensure effective work of lithium batteries or lithium-ion batteries, the membrane plays an important role. The main effect of membrane in the lithium battery is to separate anode and cathode, so that the electrons cannot go through the circuit inside the batteries where the ions can move freely. 

Anode Applications. Graphite has been used as the primary material for electrolysis of brine (aqueous) and fused-salt electrolytes, both as anode and cathode. Technological advances, however, have resulted in a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) consisting of precious metal oxides deposited on a titanium substrate that has replaced graphite as the primary anode (38—41) (see Alkali and chlorine products). 

Significant advances in waterborne coatings have been made by PPG Industries utilizing epoxies as co-resins. These coatings are used in cathodic electrodeposited systems, widely accepted for automobile primers. Many patents have been issued for this important technology (50,51). 

In this chapter the technological development in cathode materials, particularly the advances being made in the material s composition, fabrication, microstructure optimization, electrocatalytic activity, and stability of perovskite-based cathodes will be reviewed. The emphasis will be on the defect structure, conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, and electrocatalytic activity of the extensively studied man-ganite-, cobaltite-, and ferrite-based perovskites. Alterative mixed ionic and electronic conducting perovskite-related oxides are discussed in relation to their potential application as cathodes for ITSOFCs. The interfacial reaction and compatibility of the perovskite-based cathode materials with electrolyte and metallic interconnect is also examined. Finally the degradation and performance stability of cathodes under SOFC operating conditions are described. 

The purpose of this chapter is to review the work carried out during the past 10-15 years and to subject to scrutiny the advances really made. The question is whether these advances can be rationalized in terms of existing theory, or whether they point the way to new predictive basis to be established in the future. This chapter is not meant to be a handbook of numerical data. The essential purpose is to give a broad view of the state of the art of facts, trying to analyze the factors which may be important in guiding to the development of new cathodes. This chapter is inspired by technologically oriented concepts rather than by purely fundamental views. Nevertheless, emphasis will be placed on the relationship between fundamental knowledge and practical achievements. 

Although most of the radiation sources for AAS are LSs, the great advances in detector technology, especially the development of solid-state array detectors and charge-coupled devices (CCDs), have led to the successful application of continuous sources (CSs) for AAS. A modern CS is based on a conventional xenon short-arc lamp that has been optimized to run in the so-called hot-spot mode.9 This discharge mode requires the appearance of a small plasma spot close to the cathode... 

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