Economic evaluation case study

CASE STUDY ECONOMIC EVALUATION FOR A 150,000,000 LB/YR POLYSTYRENE PLANT USING THE SUSPENSION PROCESS... 

Economic studies should cover the full period over which the interventions could be expected to have an effect on resource use, survival and health-related quality of life. However, the economic evaluations of donepezil were based on effectiveness data from a limited number of trials, which were short in duration. This has a number of implications. First, the analysis can be limited to the effect of the drug during the period for which effectiveness data were available. In this case, it may be assumed that the treatment effect ceased after 6 months (Stewart et al, 1998). This assumption would only be valid if the donepezil were also discontinued at 6 months. If this is not the case, then the overall costs of the dmg may be underestimated and the benefits overestimated. 

This case study was a U.S. EPA initiative to evaluate the extent to which regulatory flexibility and other innovative environmental approaches could be used to achieve superior environmental performance at reduced economic and administrative burdens. 

Sculpher, M. J., F. S. Pang, A. Manca, M. F. Drummond, S. Colder, H. Urdahl, L. M. Davies, and A. Eastwood. 2004. GeneralisabUity in Economic Evaluation Studies in Health Care A Review and Case Studies. Health Technology Assessment 8(49) (whole... 

While some prospective data collection is required for almost all pharmacoeconomic studies, the amount of data to be collected for the pharmacoeconomic evaluation is still the subject of much debate. There is no definitive means of addressing this issue at present. Phase II studies can be used to develop data that will help determine which resource consumption items are essential for the economic evaluation. Without this opportunity for prior data collection, however, we must rely upon expert opinion to suggest major resource consumption items that should be monitored within the study. Duplicate data collection strategies (prospective evaluation of resource consumption within the study s case report form with retrospective assessment of resource consumption from hospital bills) can be used to ensure that data collection strategies do not miss critical data elements. 

Case Study Problem Economic Evaluation The estimated 2001 construction costs of the refinery process units and their utility requirements are listed in Table 8.39. 

Petrides, D., Sapidov, E., and Calandranis, J. (1995). Computer-aided process analysis and economic evaluation for biosynthetic human insulin production—A case study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 48, 529-541. 

Two case studies are presented in which polymer nanotube composites are proposed as replacements for conventional materials. We evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of using them as smart materials for strain gauges thus, exploiting their electrical properties, and as structural materials for aircraft panels bringing into play their mechanical properties. Our analysis shows that as new strain gauge materials, polymer nanotube composites offer many advantages. As a possible replacement for aluminum in an aircraft panel, it is found that a hybrid composite of (Epoxy 33% carbon fabric + 30% carbon fibers + 3% CVD-MWNT) is an attractive candidate. 

In the process industries, material balances assist in the planning for process design, in the economic evaluation of proposed and existing processes, in process control, and in process optimization. For example, in the extraction of soybean oil from soybeans, you could calculate the amount of solvent required per ton of soybeans or the time needed to fill up the filter press, and use this information in the design of equipment or in the evaluation of the economics of the process. All sorts of raw materials can be used to produce the same end product, and quite a few different types of processing can achieve the same end result, so that case studies (simulations) of the processes can assist materially in the financial decisions that must be made. 

Seventy-one studies (68%) did not evaluate the cost of providing the clinical service as part of the economic evaluation of that service. Most commonly, costs were considered as an outcome or consequence of the service (i.e., as in drug costs avoided) rather than as an input (i.e., as in the investment required to establish and maintain the program under study). Of the 33 (32%) studies that did consider some input costs, the most common cost assessed was personnel n = 25). In these cases, the costs of the program under study were quantified in terms of sa-... 

For additional information and hands-on practice conducting a pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the real world, practitioners should consider a recently published case study. In 2003, Okamoto published a case smdy on conducting a pharmacoeconomic evaluation using 16 steps that readers also may Hnd useful. In this case, chn-icians are challenged to conduct a faux economic analysis from an MCO (provider) perspective to support a review of inhaled corticosteroids for formulary management purposes. 

The application of membrane reactors to methane reforming has also been evaluated in two recent studies. A technical and economic evaluation of the use of dense Pd-membrane in methane steam reforming has been presented by Aasberg-Petersen et aL [6.10]. They assumed a thin (2 Lim thick) Pd membrane, which exhibited perfect separation and, as a result, the pure hydrogen product was taken from the permeate side of the membrane. No sweep gas was used on the permeate side of the reactor. This necessitated compression of the low pressure hydrogen product. The authors concluded that membrane-based reforming using a dense film membrane became attractive only in the cases where electrical costs were low. 

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