Case of Identity

An analogous case, of identical chain conformations as well as of similar unit cell dimensions, have been described for the two crystalline forms of poly-p-phenylene terephtalamide [33-36] (better known with the trade name of Kevlar). The projections along the c axis of the packing of the chains proposed for the two forms [36] has been sketched in Fig. 8, corresponding to the localization of the chain axes in (0,0, z) and (1/2,1/2, z) for the more common polymorph, in (0, 0, z) and (1/2,0, z) for the other polymorph. 

Fig. 3.11 Velocity distribution (cosine smearing effect) in the case of identical source and collimator radius, for different aperture a, the ratio of collimator radius to source-collimator separation (adapted from [30])...

The percolation model of adsorption response outlined in this section is based on assumption of existence of a broad spread between heights of inter-crystalline energy barriers in polycrystals. This assumption is valid for numerous polycrystalline semiconductors [145, 146] and for oxides of various metals in particular. The latter are characterized by practically stoichiometric content of surface-adjacent layers. It will be shown in the next chapter that these are these oxides that are characterized by chemisorption-caused response in their electrophysical parameters mainly generated by adsorption charging of adsorbent surface [32, 52, 155]. The availability of broad spread in heights of inter-crystalline barriers in above polycrystallites was experimentally proved by various techniques. These are direct measurements of the drop of potentials on probe contacts during mapping microcrystal pattern [145] and the studies of the value of exponential factor of ohmic electric conductivity of the material which was L/l times lower than the expected one in case of identical... 

We proceed by generalizing the stationary state approach of the previous subsection to the time domain. To that end we first consider the effects of a finite laser pulsewidth and next explore the effect of a finite time delay between the pulses. The latter signal reduces in the case of identical excitation pathways to the method of two-photon interferometry that has been studied extensively in the literature of solids and surfaces [79]. 

The scheduling module maintains a master list of all batches and control-recipes and sorts the basic operations of the chronologically next control-recipe by their position in the recipe. In the case of identical starting times a priority which can be specified on the batch level determines the sorting. During the sorting procedure parallel steps in the recipe with all associated basic operations are regarded as one unit. 

We now turn to the case of identical sites. Actually, we require that the sites be identical in a strict sense, as we explain below. We use again the three-site case, but instead of three different sites a, b, and c we assume that the sites are identical. Since we are dealing with localized molecules, the sites are still distinguishable. The canonical PFs listed in Eqs. (2.2.2)-(2.2.5) now reduce to... 

We shall see in the next subsection that g(C) can change dramatically as a function of concentration. However, if one insists on having a single measure of the average cooperativity, a convenient choice for the general case could be C = 1 [measured in the same units of ( ) ]. A more convenient choice for the case of identical sites (in either respect) is C = k , in which case Eq. (5.8.24) reduces to... 

Littlewood, D.T.J. and Donovan, S.K. (2003) Fossil parasites a case of identity. Geology Today 19, 136-142. 

Expression (2.136) is rarely used in practice, since uneven replication of a trial destroys orthogonality of a design of an experimental matrix. Sometimes, in the case of identical number of replications, a variance is determined which is typical of the mean error (yu) after replicated trials ... 

A term describing the behavior of explosive materials and items (chiefly ammunition) in bulk. The question to be answered is whether a local explosion or fire will or will not detonate the entire bulk of the explosive (a truckload, or even a shipload of explosives). A number of tests have been laid down, in which first a parcel, then a case, and finally a caseload - in the form in which it is to be dispatched - are primed or inflamed in the manner in which this is to be done in actual service. When testing a caseload, the cases are arranged in predetermined locations, covered by inert cases of identical construction, and ignited. 

The conditions specified by Eq. (6.206) provide the conditions required to design the model, also called similarity requirements or modeling laws. The same analysis could be carried out for the governing differential equations or the partial differential equation system that characterize the evolution of the phenomenon (the conservation and transfer equations for the momentum). In this case the basic theorem of the similitude can be stipulated as A phenomenon or a group of phenomena which characterizes one process evolution, presents the same time and spatial state for all different scales of the plant only if, in the case of identical dimensionless initial state and boundary conditions, the solution of the dimensionless characteristic equations shows the same values for the internal dimensionless parameters as well as for the dimensionless process exits . 

In the special case of identical binding sites (KAssA = KAss2), the dependence of 012 on the total concentration of A (cAM) is weakly sigmoidal at low concentrations of B, and not hyperbolic this is a direct indication that A can bind more than one B. The total concentration of bound ligand (= 0 +02) follows a hyberbolic dependence, as expected since the sites are independent. 

The product [surface species (1)] x [surface species (2)] in Eq. (5.70) expresses probability of finding the molecules of a two species of interest together. This is true for independent molecules or ions in solution but not for surface sites. Therefore such an approach to definition of stability constants of bi- and tridentate surface complexes has been widely criticized [100]. Nevertheless, definitions similar to Eq. (5.70), i.e. using the product (in case of different sites) or n-th power (in case of identical sites) of concentrations of surface sites are often encountered in the literature. 

Evidently, in the presence of the dipole-dipole interaction the matrix (34) is not diagonal, which indicates that the product states (33) are not the eigenstates of the two-atom system. We will diagonalize the matrix (34) for the case of identical (A = 0) as well as nonidentical (A / 0) atoms to find eigenstates of the system and their energies. 

Tea, 1 i g, respectively. However, in contrast to the case of identical atoms, these two channels of transitions are not independent and their decays are correlated through various off-diagonal terms. The decay rates Teai and 1 /g are much smaller than the decay rates 1 si, 1 jg involving the symmetric state and can be reduced to zero. This happens only for atomic separations much smaller than the optical wavelenght (the small sample model). In particular, the decay rate Taig... 

One specialty in dehybridization detection is that of dHPLC (denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography). Hybridization products differ in melting temperature and mobility on a specific support if a mismatch is introduced by a SNP. In the case of a SNP, a heteroduplex is formed in the analyzed sequence, whereas in the case of identical sequences (no SNP present), a perfect homoduplex is formed. These events can be discriminated by dHPLC at a low to medium throughput for SNP discovery or SNP detection. 

Szabo (1967) found that, when the two alkyl radicals of the phosphonic esters are different, the compounds have a stronger insecticidal action than in the case of identical alkyl radicals. This is in agreement with a similar finding of Melnikov (1963) in relation to parathion derivatives. This fenomenon is evidently due to the fact that asymmetry increases the polarisation of the central phosphorus atom, resulting in an increased phosphorylating ability. 

The condition for uptake of the pesticide by the plant is given by its persistence or system characteristics. The most persistent pesticides are particularly organometallic (most of them organomercury) compounds or derivatives of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Depending on the concentration in the soil, they can be identified especially in root crops, carrot, radish, beet, potatoes and plants giving oil. The rate of uptake of these substances by plants are different even in the case of substances with a similar persistence [29, 30]. The uptake can also be different in the case of identical plants [31]. Solid pesticides penetrate more easily into agricultural products from sandy and clay soils [32]. 

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