Carya illinoensis

Catechin and the proanthocyanidin prodelphinidin B3 are, respectively, the major monomeric and dimeric flavan-3-ols found in barley and malt where prodelphinidin B3 is the main contributor for the radical scavenging activity [Dvorakova et al., 2007], Proanthocyanidins have also been detected in nuts. Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) and pecans (Carya illinoensis) are particularly rich in proanthocyanidins containing ca. 5 g kg, whereas almonds (Prunus dulcis) and pistachios (Pistachio vera) contain 1.8-2.4 mg kg 1, walnuts (Juglans spp.) ca. 0.67 g kg, roasted peanuts (Arachis hypgaea) 0.16 g kg, and cashews (Anarcardium occidentale) 0.09 g kg 1 [Crozier et al., 2006c]. Dark chocolate derived from the roasted seeds of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is also a rich source of procyanidins [Gu et al., 2004], Monomeric flavan-3-ols and the proanthocyanidin B2, B5 dimers, and Q trimer are found in fresh cocoa beans (Fig. 1.13). Flavan-3-ols have also been detected in mint... 

Mody, N.V., Hedin, P.A., and Neel, W.W., Volatile components of pecan leaves and nuts, Carya illinoensis Koch, J. Agric. Food Chem., 24,175-177, 1976. 

Toro-Vazquez, J.F. and P ez-Briceno, R, Chemical and physicochemical characteristics of pecan (Carya illinoensis) oil native of the central region of Mexico, J. Food Lipids, 5, 211-231, 1998. 

Toro-Vazquez, J.R, Char6-Alonso, M.A., and Perez-Briceno, R, Fatty acid composition and its relationship with physicochemical properties of pecan Carya illinoensis) oil, J.Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76,957-965,1999. 

Meredith, F.I., Amino acid composition and qnaUty in selected varieties of pecans, Carya illinoensis, in Proceedings of the 87th Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society, Miami Beach, FL, November 5-7, 1974, pp. 362-365. 

Elmore, C.D. and Polles, S.G., Nitrogen fertilization effects on amino acid composition of pecan Carya illinoensis) nutmeats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28, 902-904, 1980. 

Peanut, Arachis hypogea pecan, Carya illinoensis pine. Firms taeda... 

Chen (46) used sodium hydroxide extracts from southern pine Pinus spp.) bark, peanut Arachis hypogea) hulls, and pecan Carya illinoensis) pith as 20% replacements for phenol-formaldehyde resins in plywood adhesives. Bond quality was highly dependent on veneer moisture content and assembly time. Exterior quality bonds (U.S. Product Standard PS-1-74) in southern pine plywood were obtained if the veneer moisture content was 7.0% with 60-minute assembly times. Phenol-formaldehyde resin replacements could be increased to 40% by peanut hull and pecan pith extracts when the extraction solutions containing 5% of sodium hydroxide were used (45). Southern pine veneer (0.32 cm) was spread at a rate of 41.5 to 42.5 g/lOOOcm of double glue line and the layups were stored in a... 

Cashew Anacardium occidentale) kernels contain flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins and pecans Carya illinoensis) a range of phenohc acids and flavan-3-ols (Shahidi and Naczk 1995). Isoflavones, such as 5,7-dimethoxyisoflavone (Figure 7.53), occur in peanuts Arachis hypogaea) but at a much lower concentration than found in soya (Turner et al. 1975). 

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