Carving

In 1964 Douglas Cart Engelbart (Stanford Research Institute in California) developed the mouse as an input device and Bill Enghsh built its prototype from a carved block of wood with a single red button. Shortly thereafter, the mouse was used at the Lister Hill Center of the National Institutes of Health for the input of chemical structures. 

The water molecules used to solvate a solute comes from Jorgensen s Monte Carlo equilibrated box of 216 water molecules, described by the T1P3P potential function [W- L. Jorgensen, J. Chandrasekhar, J. D. Madura, R. W. Impey, and M. L. Klein, J. Chem. Phys. 79, 926 (1983)]. This box is cubic and 18.70 A on a side. When the requested box fits into this, it is just carved out of the basic Jorgensen box. When a bigger box (more than 216 water molecules or perhaps an elongated box) is required, then the basic 216 molecule box is duplicated to create 3x3x3x216 water molecules in a box 56.10 Aon a side and the required box is carved out of this. 

A special class of stones are the precious and semiprecious gemstones, with a long history of use in decorations and jewelry. Especially in the Far East and pre-Columbian America, jade was used extensively for carving ceremonial and luxury items. Jade encompasses two different minerals quite similar... 

When a question exists about whether the carving is ancient, an examination under uv illumination can be very helpful. For example, an aged marble surface exhibits, under a properly filtered mercury lamp, a mellow, brownish fluorescence, whereas a fresh surface, under the same conditions, appears purple. It is not uncommon that old carvings have been sharpened this is detectable with the microscope and under uv examination. 

Organic Materials. Museums contain large numbers of objects made out of components from plants or animals, including wood, eg, furniture, carvings fibers eg, textiles (qv), paper (qv) fmits, skin, eg, leather (qv), parchment bone ivory etc. Several of these materials have properties related to their preservation. 

In many parts of the world, eg, China and northern Canada, block talc is used by the native artisans as a carving material and some of the sculptures produced ate widely treasured. Block talc is also used for manufacture of fireplaces in Finland and Vermont. Machined talc pencils have been used for marking steel during processing since the 1890s. 

Study waxes ie, waxes for carving, are useflil in the study and modeling of tooth forms and the teaching of anatomical detail. Carving wax compositions include paraffin, ceresin, ozokerite, camauba wax, montan waxes, and Acrawax C. Fillers and pigments may be added. 

Next, the amalgam must be condensed properly ia the prepared, clean, and dry cavity. In general, the maximum effective load tolerated by the patient should be used on a condenser of optimum size, to remove as much mercury from the mass as possible. The amalgam must be carved to the contour of the lost tooth tissue it is replaciag. 

Fig. 1.6. The reinforced concrete footbridge in Garret Hostel Lane. An inscription carved nearby reads This bridge was given in 1 960 by the Trusted family members of Trinity Hall. It was designed by Timothy Guy MORGAN an undergraduate of Jesus College who died in that year. ...

Clays have plate-like molecules with charges on their surfaces (Chapter 16). The charges draw water into the clay as a thin lubricating layer between the plates. With the right moisture content, clays are plastie they can be moulded, extruded, turned or carved. But when they are dried, they have sufficient strength to be handled and stacked in kilns for firing. 

If the surface of an acrylic sheet, rod or tube is roughened or carved, less light is internally reflected and the material is often rather brighter at these non-polished surfaces. The use of this effect enables highly attractive carvings to be produced. Similarly, lettering cut into sheet, particularly fluorescent sheet, becomes Tit-up and this effect is useful in display signs. 

X-ray evidence shows the material to be completely amorphous as might be expected from such a complex mixture. The specific gravity ranges from 1.05 to 1.10. It is slightly harder than gypsum and therefore just not possible to scratch with a fingernail. Yellow in colour, it is less brittle than other hard natural resins and may therefore be carved or machined with little difficulty. The refractive index is 1.54. 

Bild-werfer, m. projector (of pictures), -werk, n. sculpture, carving, -wurf, m. projection (of pictures), -zeichen, n. symbol. 

Effect of Excess Receptor in Binding Experiments Saturation Binding Carve... 

Garnishes also produce slight infusions, the basic twist being die best example. Dale DeGroff, in The Craft of the Cocktail, devotes more than a page to the technique of the basic citrus twist. I had a knife taken away from me at a party I gave recentiy by a guest who lost patience with my preschool efforts to carve a piece of lemon for his cocktail. People care. 

If we imagine a line drawn on the primitive surface dividing all parts of the surface which are convex downwards in all directions from those which are concave downwards in one or both directions of principal curvature, this curve will have the equation (26), and is known as the spinodal carve. It divides the surface into two parts, which represent respectively states of stable and unstable equilibrium. For on one side A is positive, and on the other it is negative. If we assume that the tie-line of corresponding points on the connodal curve is ultimately tangent to that the direction of equations ... 

Can one use STM to study spillover/backspillover phenomena and to confirm the origin of electrochemical promotion The answer is positive and the experimental setup used for the first demonstration of electrochemically controlled spillover/backspillover between a catalyst-electrode (Pt) and a solid electrolyte (p"-Al203) is shown in Figure 5.48.78,79 A polished Pt(lll) single crystal (lOmmxlOmmxlmm) was mounted on an appropriately carved polycrystalline p"-Al203 sample (20mmx20mmx3mm). 

FIGURE 11.19 The state of the carving on Cleopatra s Needle has deteriorated as a result of the action of acid rain tat after 3500 years in the Egyptian desert (b) after a further 00 years in Central Park, New York City. 

Nanomaterials can be manufactured by one of two groups of methods, one physical and one chemical. In top-down approaches, nanoscale materials are carved into shape by the use of physical nanotechnology methods such as lithography (Fig. 15.30). In bottom-up approaches, molecules are encouraged to assemble themselves into desired patterns chemically by making use of specific... 

Over the course of human history rivers have reflected the impact of human activity. Since the beginnings of the great civilizations 5000 years ago, humankind, in its pursuit of agriculture, exploration and conquest, has exploited and mistreated the environment on a broad scale. Major changes on the face of the earth occurred. Forests were cut, pastures grazed, fields cleared and plowed "... as the landscape was carved to fit the new economic demands of humankind." (7). Such changes have been well documented (2-5). 

Carved wooden bears in all shapes and sizes overwhelmed Yngve and me at our visit to Noboribetsu in 1976. There was an afternoon to spare before the opening of the "Oji International Seminar on Theories and Ab Initio Computations of Molecular Electronic Structure" at Tomakomai, Hokkaido in the fall of 1976 so we wished to experience the hot springs. The train left us with a choice of buses, the desdnations of which were clearly indicated in Japanese writing. We found the right one and came to a city in a canyon where the sulfur fumes and hot water let themselves out. The kind reception by Kimio Ohno and Fukashi Sasaki at Hokkaido University remains a vivid memory. 

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