Carriers swelling

Tetracarrier. [Reilly-Whiteman] Carriers, swelling agents for dispose dyeing of polyester. 

Insulin is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the study carried out by Adresi and Yalcin [127] glutaraldehyde crosslinked agarose films were developed and examined as an insulin carrier. Swelling ratios and surface properties of agarose films were investigated for the characterization of the carrier materials. 

Together with this solvent effect, another effect, called phase soaking, occurs in the retention gap technique if a large volume of solvent vapour has saturated the carrier gas, the properties of the stationary phase can be altered by swelling (thicker apparent film), a change in the viscosity or changed polarity. The consequence is that the column shows an increased retention power, which can be used to better retain the most volatile components. 

As anticipated in the introduction, cross-linked polymers swell, to variable extent, when put in contact with liquids. Therefore, the working state of any cross-linked organic pol5uner under solid-liquid conditions, no matter if it is a catalyst, a support or a carrier for solid state S5mthesis, is the swollen state. In macroreticular CFPs swelling does not involve the whole polymeric mass it is... 

Aqueous concentrates can suspend a limited quantity of polymer (ca 0.8 lb/gal) due to the physical swelling and viscosification that occurs in a water-based medium. Higher quantities (up to 5 lb/gal) of solids can be suspended in a diesel fuel carrier fluid. This fact and a desire for greater efficiency of equipment use led to the development of diesel-based SPS concentrates. First used in 1985(167-170), use of these SPS concentrates has spread rapidly(171-173). 

Ticks have a bad reputation for good reasons. Not only are they carriers of a number of diseases, the saliva of some can cause paralysis. North American natives were aware of tick paralysis, but the condition was officially noted as a disease of both animals and humans in 1912. The bites of at least 60 species of ticks can cause paralysis, which often does not appear until several days after the bite. The first indication is redness and swelling around the site of the bite. This is followed by neuromuscular weakness and difficulty in walking. If the tick is not removed, speech and breathing are affected, with eventual respiratory paralysis and death. Fortunately, removal of the tick results in a quick recovery of function. The exact mechanism of paralysis is not known but it appears to come from a substance that affects the neuromuscular junction. While not related to the venom of the tick saliva, the tick can also transmit diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever, typhus, and others. Table 13.1 lists some venomous arachnids. 

Fig. 15. Conceptualization of processes leading to amine protonation and gel swelling at swelling front. Initially proton attached to carrier diffuses from outer solution (I) to vicinity of front (II). Transfer of proton to amine occurs when amine is still in unhydrated region (III) this represents a transition state. Upon protonation the amine moves into hydrated portion of gel (IV). Plotted is the free energy G at different stages. Activation free energy is AG. This figure illustrates case where proton is attached to a monoacidic buffer. Proton can also be in form of hydronium ion, with accompanying counterion.

The dyeing process can be also controlled with dyeing accelerants (carriers). Carriers are aromatic compounds that exert a swelling effect on PES fibers and a dissolving effect on disperse dyes [5, p. 283-284], They increase the rate of absorption and diffusion into the fiber and improve level dyeing. 

Morphine hydrochloride can be distributed in the matrix by swelling the hydrogel in an aqueous solution of the drug. Prefabricating the polymeric carrier has the advantage over mixing with the monomers or prepolymers, that neither heat nor monomers can affect the drug. 

Bio-Rad Laboratories supply Bio-Carriers . Instead of the cross-linked dextran of the Cytodex microcarriers these have a polyacrylamide matrix with the positively charged dimethylaminopropyl groups linked throughout the matrix. On swelling 1 g dry Bio-Car-riers provides 19 ml packed volume containing 7 X 106 beads with a total surface area of 0.5 m2. Each bead can accommodate 350 cells so that the theoretical value of 2 X 109 cells could grow on 1 g Bio-Carriers. 

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