Carotenoids oxidative degradation

Wang, X.D., Carotenoid oxidative/degradative prodncts and their biological activities, in Carotenoids in Health and Disease, Krinsky, S.T.M. and Sies, H., Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004, 313. 

Wang, X. D. (2004). Carotenoid oxidative/degradative products and their biological activities. Carotenoids in Health and Disease. N. I. Krinsky, S. T. Mayne and H. Sies, eds. New York Marcel Dekker, pp. 313-335. 

Siems, WG, Sommerburg, O, Hurst, JS, and van Kuijk, F, 2000. Carotenoid oxidative degradation products inhibit Na+-K+-ATPase. Free Radic Res 33, 427-435. 

These contradictory results, showing evidence of both antioxidant and prooxidant activity, may suggest that the antioxidant behaviour of carotenoids is closely related to their own oxidation. Studies of the kinetics of carotenoid oxidative degradation under different conditions, as well as of the stmctures of the products formed, have allowed the mechanism of the oxidation process to be clarified (Yanishilieva et al, 1998). 

Baker, D. L. et al. (1999). Reactions of beta-carotene with cigarette smoke oxidants. Identification of carotenoid oxidation products and evaluation of the prooxidant antioxidant effect. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 12(6) 535-543. Bonnie, T. Y. P. and Y. M. Choo (1999). Oxidation and thermal degradation of carotenoids. J. Oil Palm Res. 11(1) 62-78. 

While degradation products of carotenoids often exhibit completely different properties from their parent compounds, they are often similar in their abilities to reduce Fe(III) and undergo subsequent oxidative degradation (Panzella et al., 2004). 

Some carotenoids have structures containing fewer than 40 carbon atoms and derived formally by loss of part of the C40 skeleton. These compounds are referred to as apocarotenoids when carbon atoms have been lost from the ends of the molecule or as norcarotenoids when carbon atoms have been lost formally from within the chain. These modifications are caused by oxidative degradation at the level of the terminal rings either by nonspecific mechanisms (lipoxygenase, photo-oxidation) or by... 

The constituents of cigarette smoke can degrade beta-carotene (71,72), but the conclusion that smoking causes increased carotenoid metabolism demands the demonstration of raised carotenoid oxidation products. Moreover, the consistent observation of subnormal carotenoid concentrations but unchanged alpha-tocopherol concentrations (70) suggests that factors other than oxidative stress contribute to the relative carotenoid deficiency. 

Due to oxidative degradation of carotenoids, aroma compounds are also formed, including P-ionone with an odor threshold value of 14 ng/g in water. The formation... 

The oxidative degradation of carotenoids (Figure 7.3), terpenes with 40 carbon atoms (tetrater-penes), produces derivatives with 9, 10, 11 or 13 carbon atoms (Enzel, 1985). Among these compounds, norisoprenoid derivatives with 13 carbon atoms (Ci3-norisoprenoids) have interesting odoriferous properties. These compounds are common in tobacco, where they were initially smdied (Demole et al., 1970 Demole and Berthet, 1972), but they have also been studied in grapes (Schreier et al., 1976 Simpson et al., 1977 Simpson, 1978 Sefton et al., 1989 Winterhalter, 1993). 

The biogenesis of damascone starts from jS-carotene, which is enzymatically degraded. [32-34] The oxidative degradation of carotenoids [37] leads, for... 

Oxidative degradation of carotenoids has also been performed with the purpose of localizing cis double bonds in the polyene chain (163). Thus controlled alkaline permanganate oxidation to apocarotenals served to identify violeoxanthin as the 9-cis isomer of violaxanthin (32). 

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