Carotenoids fucoxanthin

Miyashita, K. and Hosokawa, M. (2008). Beneficial health effects of seaweed carotenoid, fucoxanthin. In "Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods", (C. Barrow and... 

The allenic carotenoid fucoxanthin (Fig. 22-5), which is absent in higher plants, predominates in brown algae, where it occurs in light-harvesting complexes along with Chi a and Chi c.306 307... 

Extraction of total carotenoids has been reported by several authors using different solvents or solvent combinations. Most researchers use methanol and/or acetone as the preferred solvents to recover total carotenoids. General HPLC protocols followed for identification of various seaweed carotenoids, fucoxanthin in particular, are presented in Table 26.1. 

Fig. 10. Fluorescence emission and excitation (or absorption) spectra in CSj of p-carotene (A) and fucoxanthin (B). See text for details. Figure source (A) Glllbro and Cogdell (1989) Carotenoid fluorescence. Chem Phys Lett. 158 313. (B) Katoh, Nagashima, and Mimuro (1991) Fluorescence properties of the allenic carotenoid fucoxanthin impiication for energy transfer in photosynthetic pigment systems. Photosynthesis Res 27 223.

In some cases, other spectroscopic methods can be used to identify pigments on the basis of particular structural features. For instance infrared (IR) spectroscopy was used to reveal the presence of an allelic group in the carotenoids fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, and bastaxanthin (Britton et al., 1995). IR spectroscopy was also used to establish the details of the light-induced oxygen-dependent bleaching of the food colorant chlorophyllin (Bertrand et al., 2004 Chenery and Bowring, 2003 Salin et al., 1999). 

This chapter presents a personal historical perspective of the role of carotenoids in photosynthesis. It leads the reader into the early literature on the carotenoids and photosynthesis that are related to the discoveries on the excitation energy transfer and, to a lesser extent, on photoprotection. Excitation energy transfer from the carotenoid fucoxanthin to chlorophyll (Chi) a was shown first in the diatoms by H. Dutton, W. M. Manning and... 

Katoh T, Nagashima U and Mimuro M (1991) Fluorescence properties ofthe allenic carotenoid fucoxanthin Implication for energy transfer in photosyntheticpigmentsy stems. Photosyn... 

Carotenoids fucoxanthin Stimulation of UCPl, resulting in metabolic thermogenesis Seaweed U. pirmatifida Possible antiobesity effect and reduced risk of type II diabetes Maeda et al., 2005... 

Sachindra, N., Sato, E., Maeda, H., Hosokawa, M., Niwano, Y., Kohno, M., and Miyashita, K. (2007). Radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching activity of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin and its metabolites. /. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 8516-8522. 

Miyashita, K., Nishikawa, S., Beppu, F., Tsukui, T., Abe, M., and Hosokawa, M. (2011). The allenic carotenoid fucoxanthin, a novel marine nutraceutical from brown seaweeds. /. Sci. Food Agric. 91,1166-1174. 

Brown sea algae contain the characteristic carotenoid fucoxanthin. Dietary fucoxanthin has been shown to exhibit various beneficial effects. Das et ah (2010) reported that fucoxanthin from edible brown algae significantly suppressed the differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells at 2.5 pM, without any cytotoxic effects. They concluded that fucoxanthin is helpful for the prevention of diseases associated with abnormal bone metabolism, as fucoxanthin induced apoptotic cell death in osteoclast-like cells at a concentration that was nontoxic to osteoblast-like cells. Using the same bioassay system, om research group found ttrat the methanol extract of Sargassum fusiforme (SME) suppressed osteoclast differentiation and accelerated osteoblast differentiation. Osteoclast differentiation was estimated by TRAP-(-l-) multinucleated cell formation in osteoblastic cell/ bone marrow cell coculture. Osteoclast formation was induced by the presence of l,25(OH)2D3 in the coculture. As shown in Fig. 34.3, SME... 

Moreau D, Tomasoni D, Jacquot C. 2006 Cultivated microalgae and the carotenoid fucoxanthin from Odontella aurita as potent anti-proliferative agents in bronchopulmonary and epithelial cell lines. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 22 97-103. 

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